feat: 实现完整的板块级RBAC内容审核系统

- 新增站长/超级管理员/管理员/板块管理员四级角色体系 - 实现实时权限快照加载与细粒度权限校验 - 新增内容审核队列与前后端页面 - 重构用户权限管理与站点管理逻辑 - 新增评论/帖子审核状态与通知推送 - 优化前端权限控制与角色徽章展示 - 修正数据库迁移与默认值问题
2026-09-15 04:47:34 +08:00
parent 6da4309453
commit a7b6421840
44 changed files with 3149 additions and 585 deletions
--- a/backend/handler/actor.go
+++ b/backend/handler/actor.go
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package handler
+
+import (
+	"github.com/freefire/jiang13-bbs/service"
+)
+
+// loadActor 立即加载用户的实时权限快照；失败返回 nil（业务层按无权限处理）
+func (h *Handlers) loadActor(userID uint) *service.Actor {
+	actor, err := h.Auth.LoadActor(userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return actor
+}
+
+// actorLoader 返回懒加载回调：仅当业务层确实需要实时权限快照
+// （访问待审内容等场景）时才查 DB
+func (h *Handlers) actorLoader(userID uint) func() *service.Actor {
+	return func() *service.Actor {
+		return h.loadActor(userID)
+	}
+}
--- a/backend/handler/admin_user.go
+++ b/backend/handler/admin_user.go
@@ -7,12 +7,13 @@ import (
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/freefire/jiang13-bbs/middleware"
+	"github.com/freefire/jiang13-bbs/model"
 	"github.com/freefire/jiang13-bbs/service"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )

-// ===== 用户管理（RequireAdmin 兜底，前端不做权限判定） =====
+// ===== 用户管理（RequireStaff + PermUsers 兜底，前端不做权限判定） =====

 // AdminListUsers 用户分页列表（搜索/角色/状态筛选 + 全站汇总）
 func (h *Handlers) AdminListUsers(c *gin.Context) {
@@ -39,27 +40,30 @@ func (h *Handlers) AdminListUsers(c *gin.Context) {
 	})
 }

-// adminUserActionBody 角色/封禁变更的通用请求体
-type adminUserRoleBody struct {
+// adminStaffBody 角色与板块授权变更请求体
+type adminStaffBody struct {
 	Role     string `json:"role"`
+	BoardIDs []uint `json:"board_ids"`
 }

 type adminUserBanBody struct {
 	Banned bool `json:"banned"`
 }

-// AdminUpdateUserRole 设置用户角色（user / admin）
+// AdminUpdateUserRole 设置管理角色与板块授权
 func (h *Handlers) AdminUpdateUserRole(c *gin.Context) {
 	id, ok := parseAdminUserID(c)
 	if !ok {
 		return
 	}
-	var body adminUserRoleBody
+	var body adminStaffBody
 	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&body); err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "请求参数无效"})
 		return
 	}
-	user, err := h.AdminUser.SetRole(middleware.CurrentUser(c).ID, id, body.Role)
+	user, err := h.AdminUser.SetStaff(
+		middleware.CurrentActor(c), id, model.Role(body.Role), body.BoardIDs,
+	)
 	if err != nil {
 		respondAdminUserError(c, err)
 		return
@@ -78,7 +82,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) AdminSetUserBan(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "请求参数无效"})
 		return
 	}
-	user, err := h.AdminUser.SetBanned(middleware.CurrentUser(c).ID, id, body.Banned)
+	user, err := h.AdminUser.SetBanned(middleware.CurrentActor(c), id, body.Banned)
 	if err != nil {
 		respondAdminUserError(c, err)
 		return
@@ -86,6 +90,21 @@ func (h *Handlers) AdminSetUserBan(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user})
 }

+// AdminUserLoginLogs 某用户的登录历史（IP/UA/成败）
+func (h *Handlers) AdminUserLoginLogs(c *gin.Context) {
+	id, ok := parseAdminUserID(c)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	page, _ := strconv.Atoi(c.DefaultQuery("page", "1"))
+	logs, total, err := h.AdminUser.ListLoginLogs(id, page, 15)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "获取登录历史失败"})
+		return
+	}
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"logs": logs, "total": total, "page": page})
+}
+
 // parseAdminUserID 解析路径中的用户 ID，失败时直接写出 400
 func parseAdminUserID(c *gin.Context) (uint, bool) {
 	id, err := strconv.ParseUint(c.Param("id"), 10, 64)
@@ -101,9 +120,14 @@ func respondAdminUserError(c *gin.Context, err error) {
 	switch {
 	case errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound):
 		c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "用户不存在"})
+	case errors.Is(err, service.ErrProtectedOwner):
+		// 站长保护属于权限边界而非参数错误
+		c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 	case errors.Is(err, service.ErrAdminSelfAction),
-		errors.Is(err, service.ErrLastAdmin),
-		errors.Is(err, service.ErrInvalidUserRole):
+		errors.Is(err, service.ErrInvalidRole),
+		errors.Is(err, service.ErrCannotAssignRole),
+		errors.Is(err, service.ErrBoardRequired),
+		errors.Is(err, service.ErrBoardNotFound):
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 	default:
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "操作失败"})
--- a/backend/handler/auth.go
+++ b/backend/handler/auth.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ var (
 //   - refresh token（HttpOnly，7天，Path=/，供 Next middleware 在页面/RSC
 //     请求中读取并静默轮转；仅 /api/auth/refresh 端点消费）
 //   - CSRF token（JS 可读，7天，双提交校验）
+//
 // SameSite=Lax：允许外站顶级链接进入时保留登录态（Strict 会导致从外站
 // 跳转进来的第一次请求丢 cookie，把已登录用户误判为游客）；状态变更请求
 // 另有 CSRF 双提交 token 兜底。生产 HTTPS 下 cookie 名带 __Host- 前缀。
@@ -127,6 +128,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) Register(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 	setAuthCookies(c, accessToken, refreshToken, !h.Cfg.DevMode)
+	h.AdminUser.RecordLogin(loginUser.ID, req.Username, c.ClientIP(), c.Request.UserAgent(), true)
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
 		"user": gin.H{
 			"id":       loginUser.ID,
@@ -147,6 +149,11 @@ func (h *Handlers) Login(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 	accessToken, refreshToken, user, err := h.Auth.Login(req.Username, req.Password)
 	if err != nil {
+		// 登录失败也留痕：用户存在时带 user_id（封禁/错密），不存在时为 0
+		h.AdminUser.RecordLogin(
+			h.Auth.GetUserIDByUsername(req.Username), req.Username,
+			c.ClientIP(), c.Request.UserAgent(), false,
+		)
 		// 封禁与凭据错误区分：前端可据此展示针对性提示
 		if errors.Is(err, service.ErrAccountBanned) {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": err.Error(), "code": "account_banned"})
@@ -155,6 +162,8 @@ func (h *Handlers) Login(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
+	// 登录成功留痕（IP/UA/时间）
+	h.AdminUser.RecordLogin(user.ID, req.Username, c.ClientIP(), c.Request.UserAgent(), true)
 	// dev 模式不设 Secure，生产环境需 HTTPS
 	setAuthCookies(c, accessToken, refreshToken, !h.Cfg.DevMode)
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
@@ -232,8 +241,12 @@ func (h *Handlers) ChangePassword(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "密码修改成功，请重新登录"})
 }

-// meUserBody 统一的用户信息响应体（Me/Login/Refresh 共用形状）
-func meUserBody(user *model.User) gin.H {
+// meUserBody 统一的用户信息响应体。boardIDs 为板块管理员被授权的板块，
+// 供前端渲染管理菜单与前台审核按钮；其他角色为空数组
+func meUserBody(user *model.User, boardIDs []uint) gin.H {
+	if boardIDs == nil {
+		boardIDs = []uint{}
+	}
 	return gin.H{
 		"id":        user.ID,
 		"username":  user.Username,
@@ -242,6 +255,7 @@ func meUserBody(user *model.User) gin.H {
 		"signature": user.Signature,
 		"email":     user.Email,
 		"role":      user.Role,
+		"board_ids": boardIDs,
 	}
 }

@@ -268,5 +282,10 @@ func (h *Handlers) Me(c *gin.Context) {
 	if n, err := h.Notification.UnreadCount(claims.ID); err == nil {
 		unread = n
 	}
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": meUserBody(user), "unread_count": unread})
+	// 板块管理员带出授权板块，供前端菜单/按钮按板块范围渲染
+	var boardIDs []uint
+	if user.Role == model.RoleBoardAdmin {
+		boardIDs, _ = h.Auth.GetUserBoardIDs(claims.ID)
+	}
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": meUserBody(user, boardIDs), "unread_count": unread})
 }
--- a/backend/handler/comment.go
+++ b/backend/handler/comment.go
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 package handler

 import (
+	"errors"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"

 	"github.com/freefire/jiang13-bbs/middleware"
 	"github.com/freefire/jiang13-bbs/model"
+	"github.com/freefire/jiang13-bbs/service"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 )

@@ -19,6 +21,18 @@ func (h *Handlers) PostComments(c *gin.Context) {
 	page, _ := strconv.Atoi(c.DefaultQuery("page", "1"))
 	size, _ := strconv.Atoi(c.DefaultQuery("size", "20"))

+	// 待审/被拒帖子的评论不对公众开放
+	var viewerID uint
+	var loadActor func() *service.Actor
+	if claims := middleware.CurrentUser(c); claims != nil {
+		viewerID = claims.ID
+		loadActor = h.actorLoader(claims.ID)
+	}
+	if err := h.Post.EnsurePostVisible(uint(id), viewerID, loadActor); err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "帖子不存在"})
+		return
+	}
+
 	comments, floors, totalComments, err := h.Comment.ListFloorPaged(uint(id), page, size)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
@@ -52,11 +66,17 @@ func (h *Handlers) CreateComment(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
-	comment, parent, err := h.Comment.Create(claims.ID, uint(id), req.Content, req.ParentID)
+	// 管理团队成员评论免审；普通用户评论进入待审核队列，审核通过时才发业务通知
+	status := model.ContentStatusPending
+	if model.IsStaff(model.Role(claims.Role)) {
+		status = model.ContentStatusPublished
+	}
+	comment, parent, err := h.Comment.Create(claims.ID, uint(id), req.Content, req.ParentID, status)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
+	if comment.Status == model.ContentStatusPublished {
 		if parent == nil {
 			// 主评论：通知帖子作者（排除自己评论自己的帖子）
 			if authorID, e := h.Post.GetAuthorID(uint(id)); e == nil {
@@ -66,6 +86,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) CreateComment(c *gin.Context) {
 			// 子回复：通知父评论作者（Notification.Create 内部排除自我通知）
 			h.Notification.Create(parent.UserID, claims.ID, model.NotificationTypeReply, uint(id), comment.ID, req.Content)
 		}
+	}
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"comment": comment})
 }

@@ -77,8 +98,15 @@ func (h *Handlers) DeleteComment(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "无效的评论 ID"})
 		return
 	}
-	if err := h.Comment.Delete(uint(cid), claims.ID, claims.Role); err != nil {
+	if err := h.Comment.Delete(h.loadActor(claims.ID), uint(cid), claims.ID); err != nil {
+		switch {
+		case errors.Is(err, service.ErrCommentNotFound):
+			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		case errors.Is(err, service.ErrCommentForbidden):
 			c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		default:
+			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		}
 		return
 	}
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "已删除"})
--- a/backend/handler/handlers.go
+++ b/backend/handler/handlers.go
@@ -20,4 +20,5 @@ type Handlers struct {
 	Upload       *service.UploadService
 	Setting      *service.SettingService
 	AdminUser    *service.AdminUserService
+	Moderation   *service.ModerationService
 }
--- a/backend/handler/moderation.go
+++ b/backend/handler/moderation.go
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package handler
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/freefire/jiang13-bbs/middleware"
+	"github.com/freefire/jiang13-bbs/service"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
+// ===== 内容审核队列（RequireStaff 基础鉴权，板块范围由 service 按 Actor 隔离） =====
+
+// AdminPendingPosts 待审核帖子分页
+func (h *Handlers) AdminPendingPosts(c *gin.Context) {
+	page, _ := strconv.Atoi(c.DefaultQuery("page", "1"))
+	posts, total, err := h.Moderation.PendingPosts(middleware.CurrentActor(c), page, 15)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "获取待审帖子失败"})
+		return
+	}
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"posts": posts, "total": total, "page": page})
+}
+
+// AdminPendingComments 待审核评论分页
+func (h *Handlers) AdminPendingComments(c *gin.Context) {
+	page, _ := strconv.Atoi(c.DefaultQuery("page", "1"))
+	comments, total, err := h.Moderation.PendingComments(middleware.CurrentActor(c), page, 15)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "获取待审评论失败"})
+		return
+	}
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"comments": comments, "total": total, "page": page})
+}
+
+// AdminPendingCounts 当前操作者可见的待审数量（导航角标）
+func (h *Handlers) AdminPendingCounts(c *gin.Context) {
+	posts, comments := h.Moderation.PendingCounts(middleware.CurrentActor(c))
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"posts": posts, "comments": comments})
+}
+
+// AdminApprovePost 通过帖子
+func (h *Handlers) AdminApprovePost(c *gin.Context) {
+	h.execModeration(c, h.Moderation.ApprovePost)
+}
+
+// AdminRejectPost 拒绝帖子
+func (h *Handlers) AdminRejectPost(c *gin.Context) {
+	h.execModeration(c, h.Moderation.RejectPost)
+}
+
+// AdminApproveComment 通过评论
+func (h *Handlers) AdminApproveComment(c *gin.Context) {
+	h.execModeration(c, h.Moderation.ApproveComment)
+}
+
+// AdminRejectComment 拒绝评论
+func (h *Handlers) AdminRejectComment(c *gin.Context) {
+	h.execModeration(c, h.Moderation.RejectComment)
+}
+
+// execModeration 统一解析 :id 并映射审核业务错误
+func (h *Handlers) execModeration(c *gin.Context, fn func(*service.Actor, uint) error) {
+	id, err := strconv.ParseUint(c.Param("id"), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil || id == 0 {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "无效的 ID"})
+		return
+	}
+	if err := fn(middleware.CurrentActor(c), uint(id)); err != nil {
+		switch {
+		case errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound):
+			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "内容不存在"})
+		case errors.Is(err, service.ErrModerationForbidden):
+			c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		case errors.Is(err, service.ErrNotPending):
+			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		default:
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "操作失败"})
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "操作成功"})
+}
--- a/backend/handler/post.go
+++ b/backend/handler/post.go
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 package handler

 import (
+	"errors"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"

 	"github.com/freefire/jiang13-bbs/middleware"
+	"github.com/freefire/jiang13-bbs/model"
 	"github.com/freefire/jiang13-bbs/service"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 )
@@ -56,13 +58,20 @@ func (h *Handlers) PostDetail(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "无效的帖子 ID"})
 		return
 	}
-	post, err := h.Post.GetByID(uint(id))
+	claims := middleware.CurrentUser(c)
+	var viewerID uint
+	var loadActor func() *service.Actor
+	if claims != nil {
+		viewerID = claims.ID
+		loadActor = h.actorLoader(claims.ID) // 懒加载：仅非已发布帖才查 DB
+	}
+	post, err := h.Post.GetByIDForViewer(uint(id), viewerID, loadActor)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "帖子不存在"})
 		return
 	}
 	// 填充点赞状态（仅登录用户）
-	if claims := middleware.CurrentUser(c); claims != nil {
+	if claims != nil {
 		post.Liked = h.Like.HasLiked(post.ID, claims.ID)
 	}
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"post": post})
@@ -89,7 +98,13 @@ func (h *Handlers) CreatePost(c *gin.Context) {
 	if postType == "" {
 		postType = "normal"
 	}
-	post, err := h.Post.Create(claims.ID, req.BoardID, req.Title, req.Content, req.Tags, postType)
+	// 管理团队成员发帖免审直发；普通用户进入待审核队列。
+	// 角色变更会强制 JWT 失效（token_version 递增），claims.Role 可视为实时值
+	status := model.ContentStatusPending
+	if model.IsStaff(model.Role(claims.Role)) {
+		status = model.ContentStatusPublished
+	}
+	post, err := h.Post.Create(claims.ID, req.BoardID, req.Title, req.Content, req.Tags, postType, status)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 		return
@@ -117,9 +132,10 @@ func (h *Handlers) UpdatePost(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
-	post, err := h.Post.Update(uint(id), claims.ID, claims.Role, req.Title, req.Content, req.Tags)
+	actor := h.loadActor(claims.ID)
+	post, err := h.Post.Update(actor, uint(id), claims.ID, req.Title, req.Content, req.Tags)
 	if err != nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		respondPostModError(c, err)
 		return
 	}
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"post": post})
@@ -133,18 +149,16 @@ func (h *Handlers) DeletePost(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "无效的帖子 ID"})
 		return
 	}
-	if err := h.Post.Delete(uint(id), claims.ID, claims.Role); err != nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+	if err := h.Post.Delete(h.loadActor(claims.ID), uint(id), claims.ID); err != nil {
+		respondPostModError(c, err)
 		return
 	}
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "已删除"})
 }

-// TogglePin 切换帖子置顶（仅管理员）
+// TogglePin 切换帖子置顶（管理员及以上，板块管理员无此权限）
 func (h *Handlers) TogglePin(c *gin.Context) {
-	claims := middleware.CurrentUser(c)
-	if claims.Role != "admin" {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "仅管理员可操作"})
+	if !h.requireAdminOrAbove(c) {
 		return
 	}
 	id, err := strconv.ParseUint(c.Param("id"), 10, 64)
@@ -160,11 +174,9 @@ func (h *Handlers) TogglePin(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"pinned": pinned})
 }

-// ToggleRecommend 切换帖子推荐（仅管理员）
+// ToggleRecommend 切换帖子加精（管理员及以上，板块管理员无此权限）
 func (h *Handlers) ToggleRecommend(c *gin.Context) {
-	claims := middleware.CurrentUser(c)
-	if claims.Role != "admin" {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "仅管理员可操作"})
+	if !h.requireAdminOrAbove(c) {
 		return
 	}
 	id, err := strconv.ParseUint(c.Param("id"), 10, 64)
@@ -179,3 +191,25 @@ func (h *Handlers) ToggleRecommend(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"recommended": recommended})
 }
+
+// requireAdminOrAbove 置顶/加精仅管理员及以上可用；校验失败已写响应，返回 false
+func (h *Handlers) requireAdminOrAbove(c *gin.Context) bool {
+	claims := middleware.CurrentUser(c)
+	if model.RoleLevel(model.Role(claims.Role)) < model.RoleLevel(model.RoleAdmin) {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "仅管理员可操作"})
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// respondPostModError 帖子编辑/删除业务错误 → HTTP 状态码
+func respondPostModError(c *gin.Context, err error) {
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, service.ErrPostNotFound):
+		c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+	case errors.Is(err, service.ErrPostForbidden):
+		c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+	default:
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+	}
+}
--- a/backend/handler/user.go
+++ b/backend/handler/user.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"

 	"github.com/freefire/jiang13-bbs/middleware"
+	"github.com/freefire/jiang13-bbs/model"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 )

@@ -88,6 +89,12 @@ func (h *Handlers) UserProfile(c *gin.Context) {
 		streak = cs.Streak
 	}

+	// 板块管理员公开其授权板块（角色徽章展示"板块管理员 · 板块名"）
+	var boardIDs []uint
+	if user.Role == model.RoleBoardAdmin {
+		boardIDs, _ = h.Auth.GetUserBoardIDs(user.ID)
+	}
+
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
 		"user": gin.H{
 			"id":         user.ID,
@@ -96,6 +103,7 @@ func (h *Handlers) UserProfile(c *gin.Context) {
 			"avatar":     user.Avatar,
 			"signature":  user.Signature,
 			"role":       user.Role,
+			"board_ids":  boardIDs,
 			"created_at": user.CreatedAt,
 		},
 		"stats": gin.H{
--- a/backend/middleware/auth.go
+++ b/backend/middleware/auth.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"

+	"github.com/freefire/jiang13-bbs/model"
 	"github.com/freefire/jiang13-bbs/service"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 )
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ func (m *AuthMiddleware) RequireAuth() gin.HandlerFunc {
 	}
 }

-// RequireAdmin 必须管理员
+// RequireAdmin 必须管理员（保留兼容；等价于"管理员及以上"，不含纯板块管理员）
 func (m *AuthMiddleware) RequireAdmin() gin.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(c *gin.Context) {
 		user, ok := m.parseToken(c)
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ func (m *AuthMiddleware) RequireAdmin() gin.HandlerFunc {
 			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"error": "未登录"})
 			return
 		}
-		if user.Role != service.RoleAdmin {
+		if model.RoleLevel(model.Role(user.Role)) < model.RoleLevel(model.RoleAdmin) {
 			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "需要管理员权限"})
 			return
 		}
@@ -80,6 +81,45 @@ func (m *AuthMiddleware) RequireAdmin() gin.HandlerFunc {
 	}
 }

+// ActorKey 实时权限快照在 gin.Context 中的键
+const ActorKey = "actor"
+
+// RequireStaff 必须是管理团队成员（板块管理员及以上），
+// 并把实时 Actor（角色+板块授权）写入 context 供 RequirePerm/handler 使用
+func (m *AuthMiddleware) RequireStaff() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		claims, ok := m.parseToken(c)
+		if !ok {
+			if c.GetBool(AccountBannedKey) {
+				bannedJSON(c)
+				return
+			}
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"error": "未登录"})
+			return
+		}
+		actor, err := m.auth.LoadActor(claims.ID)
+		if err != nil || !actor.IsStaff() {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "需要管理员权限"})
+			return
+		}
+		c.Set("user", claims)
+		c.Set(ActorKey, actor)
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// RequirePerm 功能点鉴权，必须接在 RequireStaff 之后
+func (m *AuthMiddleware) RequirePerm(perm string) gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		actor := CurrentActor(c)
+		if !actor.HasPerm(perm) {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "无权限执行该操作"})
+			return
+		}
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
 // parseToken 解析并校验 token：
 // 1. 优先从 HttpOnly cookie 读取，回退 Authorization header
 // 2. 校验 JWT 签名和过期
@@ -122,3 +162,13 @@ func CurrentUser(c *gin.Context) *service.UserClaims {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// CurrentActor 从 context 获取当前操作者的实时权限快照（RequireStaff 写入）
+func CurrentActor(c *gin.Context) *service.Actor {
+	if v, ok := c.Get(ActorKey); ok {
+		if a, ok := v.(*service.Actor); ok {
+			return a
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/backend/model/db.go
+++ b/backend/model/db.go
@@ -31,11 +31,23 @@ func InitDB(dsn string) error {

 	if err := db.AutoMigrate(
 		&User{}, &Board{}, &Post{}, &Comment{}, &RefreshToken{}, &Like{}, &Notification{}, &Checkin{},
-		&Announcement{}, &SiteSetting{}, &Attachment{},
+		&Announcement{}, &SiteSetting{}, &Attachment{}, &UserBoard{}, &LoginLog{},
 	); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("自动迁移失败: %w", err)
 	}

+	// RBAC：把初始管理员（id 最小的 admin，通常即首个注册账号）升级为站长；
+	// 已存在 owner 时不动数据，保证幂等
+	if err := ensureOwnerRole(db); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("站长角色迁移失败: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// login_logs.success 早期 default=true 与 GORM 零值省略叠加，
+	// 会把失败登录错存为成功；AutoMigrate 不会改列默认值，这里幂等修正
+	if err := db.Exec(`ALTER TABLE login_logs ALTER COLUMN success SET DEFAULT false`).Error; err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("login_logs 默认值修正失败: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	// 新表结构就位后删除遗留的明文列
 	if err := dropLegacyRefreshTokenColumn(db); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("refresh token 旧列清理失败: %w", err)
@@ -140,6 +152,31 @@ func dropLegacyRefreshTokenColumn(db *gorm.DB) error {
 	return db.Exec(`ALTER TABLE refresh_tokens DROP COLUMN token`).Error
 }

+// ensureOwnerRole 若无站长，则把 id 最小的旧管理员升级为站长；
+// 连管理员都没有的全新库，把 id=1 的初始账号设为站长
+func ensureOwnerRole(db *gorm.DB) error {
+	var ownerCount int64
+	if err := db.Model(&User{}).Where("role = ?", RoleOwner).Count(&ownerCount).Error; err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if ownerCount > 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	res := db.Model(&User{}).Where("role = ?", RoleAdmin).
+		Order("id ASC").Limit(1).Update("role", RoleOwner)
+	if res.Error != nil {
+		return res.Error
+	}
+	if res.RowsAffected == 0 {
+		if err := db.Model(&User{}).Order("id ASC").Limit(1).
+			Update("role", RoleOwner).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	log.Println("[model] 已迁移初始账号为站长角色(owner)")
+	return nil
+}
+
 // seedDefaultBoards 写入默认板块
 func seedDefaultBoards(db *gorm.DB) {
 	defaults := []Board{
--- a/backend/model/models.go
+++ b/backend/model/models.go
@@ -6,14 +6,47 @@ import (
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )

-// Role 用户角色
+// Role 用户角色（等级递增：普通用户 < 板块管理员 < 管理员 < 超级管理员 < 站长）
 type Role string

 const (
-	RoleUser  Role = "user"
-	RoleAdmin Role = "admin"
+	RoleUser       Role = "user"        // 普通用户：发帖/评论需审核
+	RoleBoardAdmin Role = "board_admin" // 板块管理员：仅管理被授权板块的帖子与评论
+	RoleAdmin      Role = "admin"       // 管理员：公告 + 全站帖子/评论审核
+	RoleSuperAdmin Role = "super_admin" // 超级管理员：全站后台（用户/公告/设置/内容），但不可操作站长
+	RoleOwner      Role = "owner"       // 站长：最高权限，全站唯一，任何人（含自己）不可改角色/封禁
 )

+// RoleLevel 角色等级，用于层级比较；未知角色按普通用户处理
+func RoleLevel(r Role) int {
+	switch r {
+	case RoleOwner:
+		return 100
+	case RoleSuperAdmin:
+		return 80
+	case RoleAdmin:
+		return 50
+	case RoleBoardAdmin:
+		return 30
+	default:
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
+// IsStaff 是否为任一管理角色（板块管理员及以上）
+func IsStaff(r Role) bool {
+	return RoleLevel(r) >= RoleLevel(RoleBoardAdmin)
+}
+
+// ValidRole 角色枚举校验
+func ValidRole(r Role) bool {
+	switch r {
+	case RoleUser, RoleBoardAdmin, RoleAdmin, RoleSuperAdmin, RoleOwner:
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // 内容审核状态
 const (
 	ContentStatusPending   = "pending"
@@ -139,6 +172,8 @@ const (
 	NotificationTypeComment  = "comment"  // 评论了你的帖子
 	NotificationTypeReply    = "reply"    // 回复了你的评论
 	NotificationTypeLike     = "like"     // 点赞了你的帖子
+	NotificationTypeApproved = "approved" // 内容审核通过
+	NotificationTypeRejected = "rejected" // 内容审核未通过
 )

 // Notification 站内通知
@@ -195,3 +230,25 @@ type Attachment struct {
 	Height    int       `gorm:"not null;default:0" json:"height"`
 	CreatedAt time.Time `gorm:"index" json:"created_at"`
 }
+
+// UserBoard 板块管理员的板块授权（多对多；仅 role=board_admin 的行生效）
+type UserBoard struct {
+	ID        uint      `gorm:"primaryKey" json:"id"`
+	UserID    uint      `gorm:"uniqueIndex:idx_user_board;not null" json:"user_id"`
+	BoardID   uint      `gorm:"uniqueIndex:idx_user_board;not null" json:"board_id"`
+	CreatedAt time.Time `json:"created_at"`
+
+	User  User  `gorm:"foreignKey:UserID" json:"-"`
+	Board Board `gorm:"foreignKey:BoardID" json:"board,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// LoginLog 登录历史（成功与失败都记录；失败时用户名可能不存在，UserID 为 0）
+type LoginLog struct {
+	ID        uint      `gorm:"primaryKey" json:"id"`
+	UserID    uint      `gorm:"index;not null;default:0" json:"user_id"`
+	Username  string    `gorm:"size:128;index;not null;default:''" json:"username"`
+	IP        string    `gorm:"size:45;not null;default:''" json:"ip"` // IPv4/IPv6 最长 45 字符
+	UserAgent string    `gorm:"size:512;not null;default:''" json:"user_agent"`
+	Success   bool      `gorm:"index;not null;default:false" json:"success"`
+	CreatedAt time.Time `gorm:"index" json:"created_at"`
+}
--- a/backend/router/router.go
+++ b/backend/router/router.go
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ func Setup(cfg *config.Config) (*gin.Engine, error) {
 	uploadSvc := service.NewUploadService(model.DB, filepath.Join(cfg.DataDir, "uploads"))
 	settingSvc := service.NewSettingService(model.DB)
 	adminUserSvc := service.NewAdminUserService(model.DB)
+	moderationSvc := service.NewModerationService(model.DB, notifSvc)
 	if err := uploadSvc.EnsureDir(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ func Setup(cfg *config.Config) (*gin.Engine, error) {
 		Upload:       uploadSvc,
 		Setting:      settingSvc,
 		AdminUser:    adminUserSvc,
+		Moderation:   moderationSvc,
 	}

 	authMW := middleware.NewAuthMiddleware(authSvc)
@@ -131,23 +133,39 @@ func Setup(cfg *config.Config) (*gin.Engine, error) {
 		api.DELETE("/my/attachments/:id", h.DeleteAttachment)
 	}

-	// 管理员 API（同样需要 CSRF 防护）
-	adminAPI := r.Group("/api/admin", authMW.RequireAuth(), middleware.CSRFMiddleware(), authMW.RequireAdmin())
+	// 管理后台 API：RequireStaff 基础鉴权（板块管理员及以上，Actor 实时从 DB 现取），
+	// 各功能点再由 RequirePerm 按角色放行；板块范围在 service 层按 Actor.BoardIDs 隔离
+	staffAPI := r.Group("/api/admin", authMW.RequireStaff(), middleware.CSRFMiddleware())
 	{
-		adminAPI.GET("/dashboard", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		staffAPI.GET("/dashboard", func(c *gin.Context) {
 			c.JSON(200, gin.H{"message": "admin dashboard"})
 		})
-		// 站点公告文章管理
-		adminAPI.GET("/announcements", h.AdminListAnnouncements)
-		adminAPI.POST("/announcements", h.AdminCreateAnnouncement)
-		adminAPI.PUT("/announcements/:id", h.AdminUpdateAnnouncement)
-		adminAPI.DELETE("/announcements/:id", h.AdminDeleteAnnouncement)
-		// 站点外观设置（主题色）
-		adminAPI.PUT("/settings", h.UpdateSettings)
-		// 用户管理：列表（搜索/筛选/汇总）、角色变更、封禁解封
-		adminAPI.GET("/users", h.AdminListUsers)
-		adminAPI.PUT("/users/:id/role", h.AdminUpdateUserRole)
-		adminAPI.PUT("/users/:id/ban", h.AdminSetUserBan)
+
+		// 内容审核队列（任意管理角色；板块管理员只见授权板块）
+		staffAPI.GET("/moderation/pending-posts", h.AdminPendingPosts)
+		staffAPI.GET("/moderation/pending-comments", h.AdminPendingComments)
+		staffAPI.GET("/moderation/counts", h.AdminPendingCounts)
+		staffAPI.PUT("/moderation/posts/:id/approve", h.AdminApprovePost)
+		staffAPI.PUT("/moderation/posts/:id/reject", h.AdminRejectPost)
+		staffAPI.PUT("/moderation/comments/:id/approve", h.AdminApproveComment)
+		staffAPI.PUT("/moderation/comments/:id/reject", h.AdminRejectComment)
+
+		// 站点公告文章管理（管理员及以上）
+		announceAPI := staffAPI.Group("", authMW.RequirePerm(service.PermAnnouncements))
+		announceAPI.GET("/announcements", h.AdminListAnnouncements)
+		announceAPI.POST("/announcements", h.AdminCreateAnnouncement)
+		announceAPI.PUT("/announcements/:id", h.AdminUpdateAnnouncement)
+		announceAPI.DELETE("/announcements/:id", h.AdminDeleteAnnouncement)
+
+		// 站点外观设置（超级管理员/站长）
+		staffAPI.PUT("/settings", authMW.RequirePerm(service.PermSettings), h.UpdateSettings)
+
+		// 用户与权限管理（超级管理员/站长）：列表、角色授权、封禁、登录历史
+		usersAPI := staffAPI.Group("", authMW.RequirePerm(service.PermUsers))
+		usersAPI.GET("/users", h.AdminListUsers)
+		usersAPI.PUT("/users/:id/role", h.AdminUpdateUserRole)
+		usersAPI.PUT("/users/:id/ban", h.AdminSetUserBan)
+		usersAPI.GET("/users/:id/login-logs", h.AdminUserLoginLogs)
 	}

 	r.NoRoute(func(c *gin.Context) {
--- a/backend/service/actor.go
+++ b/backend/service/actor.go
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"github.com/freefire/jiang13-bbs/model"
+)
+
+// 权限码：后台功能点。路由通过 RequirePerm 声明，
+// 板块管理员的板块范围由 Actor.BoardIDs 在业务层二次校验。
+const (
+	PermUsers         = "users"         // 用户与权限管理（超管/站长）
+	PermAnnouncements = "announcements" // 公告管理（管理员及以上）
+	PermSettings      = "settings"      // 站点外观设置（超管/站长）
+	PermModeration    = "moderation"    // 内容审核（任意管理角色，板块范围受限）
+)
+
+// Actor 当前请求操作者的实时权限快照（每次后台请求从 DB 现取，
+// 不依赖 JWT 内的 role claim，角色/授权变更立即生效）
+type Actor struct {
+	ID       uint
+	Username string
+	Role     model.Role
+	BoardIDs []uint // 板块管理员被授权的板块；其他角色为空
+}
+
+// IsStaff 是否管理团队成员
+func (a *Actor) IsStaff() bool {
+	return a != nil && model.IsStaff(a.Role)
+}
+
+// HasPerm 是否拥有某后台功能点
+func (a *Actor) HasPerm(p string) bool {
+	if a == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	switch p {
+	case PermUsers, PermSettings:
+		return a.Role == model.RoleSuperAdmin || a.Role == model.RoleOwner
+	case PermAnnouncements:
+		return model.RoleLevel(a.Role) >= model.RoleLevel(model.RoleAdmin)
+	case PermModeration:
+		return a.IsStaff()
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// CanModerateBoard 是否可管理指定板块的内容：
+// 管理员及以上不限板块；板块管理员仅限被授权板块
+func (a *Actor) CanModerateBoard(boardID uint) bool {
+	if a == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if model.RoleLevel(a.Role) >= model.RoleLevel(model.RoleAdmin) {
+		return true
+	}
+	if a.Role != model.RoleBoardAdmin {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, id := range a.BoardIDs {
+		if id == boardID {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// CanAssignRole 操作者能否把他人设置为目标角色（站长不可被授予，仅站长可授予超管）
+func (a *Actor) CanAssignRole(target model.Role) bool {
+	if a == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if target == model.RoleOwner {
+		return false // 站长身份不通过授权产生
+	}
+	if target == model.RoleSuperAdmin {
+		return a.Role == model.RoleOwner
+	}
+	return a.HasPerm(PermUsers)
+}
+
+// LoadActor 读取用户实时角色与板块授权
+func (s *AuthService) LoadActor(id uint) (*Actor, error) {
+	var u model.User
+	if err := s.db.Select("id", "username", "role").First(&u, id).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	actor := &Actor{ID: u.ID, Username: u.Username, Role: u.Role, BoardIDs: []uint{}}
+	if u.Role == model.RoleBoardAdmin {
+		var ids []uint
+		if err := s.db.Model(&model.UserBoard{}).
+			Where("user_id = ?", id).
+			Order("board_id ASC").
+			Pluck("board_id", &ids).Error; err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		actor.BoardIDs = ids
+	}
+	return actor, nil
+}
+
+// GetUserBoardIDs 读取用户被授权的板块 ID（供 /me 等场景）
+func (s *AuthService) GetUserBoardIDs(id uint) ([]uint, error) {
+	var ids []uint
+	err := s.db.Model(&model.UserBoard{}).
+		Where("user_id = ?", id).Order("board_id ASC").Pluck("board_id", &ids).Error
+	return ids, err
+}
+
+// GetUserIDByUsername 按用户名查 ID（登录失败审计用），用户不存在返回 0
+func (s *AuthService) GetUserIDByUsername(username string) uint {
+	var u model.User
+	if err := s.db.Select("id").Where("username = ?", username).First(&u).Error; err != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return u.ID
+}
--- a/backend/service/admin_user.go
+++ b/backend/service/admin_user.go
@@ -8,16 +8,25 @@ import (
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )

-// 管理员用户操作的业务护栏（handler 层映射为 400，前端只展示消息）
+// 管理员用户操作的业务护栏（handler 层映射为 4xx，前端只展示消息）
 var (
 	// ErrAdminSelfAction 不能对自己的账号执行管理操作（自锁/误操作保护）
 	ErrAdminSelfAction = errors.New("不能对自己的账号执行该操作")
-	// ErrLastAdmin 至少保留一名未封禁的管理员，防止站点失去管理入口
-	ErrLastAdmin = errors.New("至少保留一名未封禁的管理员")
-	// ErrInvalidUserRole 角色入参非法
-	ErrInvalidUserRole = errors.New("角色参数无效")
+	// ErrInvalidRole 角色入参非法
+	ErrInvalidRole = errors.New("角色参数无效")
+	// ErrProtectedOwner 站长账号受保护，任何人不可改角色/封禁
+	ErrProtectedOwner = errors.New("站长账号受保护，不可操作")
+	// ErrCannotAssignRole 当前操作者无权授予该角色
+	ErrCannotAssignRole = errors.New("无权授予该角色")
+	// ErrBoardRequired 板块管理员至少要授权一个板块
+	ErrBoardRequired = errors.New("板块管理员至少需要授权一个板块")
+	// ErrBoardNotFound 授权的板块不存在
+	ErrBoardNotFound = errors.New("部分板块不存在")
 )

+// onlineThreshold last_seen_at 在该窗口内视为在线
+const onlineThreshold = 5 * time.Minute
+
 // AdminUserService 后台用户管理
 type AdminUserService struct {
 	db *gorm.DB
@@ -27,7 +36,7 @@ func NewAdminUserService(db *gorm.DB) *AdminUserService {
 	return &AdminUserService{db: db}
 }

-// AdminUserItem 后台用户列表项：email / last_seen 在 User 模型上 json:"-"，
+// AdminUserItem 后台用户列表项：email / last_seen / 登录 IP 在 User 模型上 json:"-"，
 // 仅管理员接口通过此 DTO 显式带出
 type AdminUserItem struct {
 	ID           uint       `json:"id"`
@@ -37,14 +46,18 @@ type AdminUserItem struct {
 	Avatar       string     `json:"avatar"`
 	Signature    string     `json:"signature"`
 	Role         string     `json:"role"`
+	BoardIDs     []uint     `json:"board_ids"`
 	Banned       bool       `json:"banned"`
 	PostCount    int64      `json:"post_count"`
 	CommentCount int64      `json:"comment_count"`
 	CreatedAt    time.Time  `json:"created_at"`
 	LastSeenAt   *time.Time `json:"last_seen_at"`
+	Online       bool       `json:"online"`
+	LastLoginIP  string     `json:"last_login_ip"`
+	LastLoginAt  *time.Time `json:"last_login_at"`
 }

-// AdminUserSummary 列表顶部汇总（总数/管理员/封禁/今日新增）
+// AdminUserSummary 列表顶部汇总（总数/管理团队/封禁/今日新增）
 type AdminUserSummary struct {
 	Total    int64 `json:"total"`
 	Admins   int64 `json:"admins"`
@@ -52,12 +65,18 @@ type AdminUserSummary struct {
 	TodayNew int64 `json:"today_new"`
 }

+// staffRoles 管理团队角色集合
+var staffRoles = []string{
+	string(model.RoleBoardAdmin), string(model.RoleAdmin),
+	string(model.RoleSuperAdmin), string(model.RoleOwner),
+}
+
 // AdminUserListQuery 用户列表查询
 type AdminUserListQuery struct {
 	Page    int
 	Size    int
 	Keyword string // 用户名 / 昵称 / 邮箱模糊匹配
-	Role    string // "" 全部 | "admin" 仅管理员
+	Role    string // "" 全部 | "staff" 管理团队 | 具体角色枚举
 	Status  string // "" 全部 | "banned" 已封禁 | "normal" 正常
 }

@@ -84,8 +103,11 @@ func (s *AdminUserService) List(q AdminUserListQuery) (*AdminUserListResult, err
 		like := "%" + kw + "%"
 		query = query.Where("username ILIKE ? OR nickname ILIKE ? OR email ILIKE ?", like, like, like)
 	}
-	if q.Role == string(model.RoleAdmin) {
-		query = query.Where("role = ?", model.RoleAdmin)
+	switch {
+	case q.Role == "staff":
+		query = query.Where("role IN ?", staffRoles)
+	case q.Role != "" && model.ValidRole(model.Role(q.Role)):
+		query = query.Where("role = ?", q.Role)
 	}
 	if q.Status == "banned" {
 		query = query.Where("banned = ?", true)
@@ -112,7 +134,7 @@ func (s *AdminUserService) List(q AdminUserListQuery) (*AdminUserListResult, err
 	dayStart := time.Date(now.Year(), now.Month(), now.Day(), 0, 0, 0, 0, now.Location())
 	summary := AdminUserSummary{}
 	s.db.Model(&model.User{}).Count(&summary.Total)
-	s.db.Model(&model.User{}).Where("role = ?", model.RoleAdmin).Count(&summary.Admins)
+	s.db.Model(&model.User{}).Where("role IN ?", staffRoles).Count(&summary.Admins)
 	s.db.Model(&model.User{}).Where("banned = ?", true).Count(&summary.Banned)
 	s.db.Model(&model.User{}).Where("created_at >= ?", dayStart).Count(&summary.TodayNew)

@@ -125,13 +147,14 @@ func (s *AdminUserService) List(q AdminUserListQuery) (*AdminUserListResult, err
 	}, nil
 }

-// toItems 批量把 User 模型转为 DTO，并用两条 GROUP BY 填充计数
+// toItems 批量把 User 模型转为 DTO，并用聚合查询填充计数/授权板块/最近登录
 func (s *AdminUserService) toItems(users []model.User) []AdminUserItem {
 	items := make([]AdminUserItem, 0, len(users))
 	ids := make([]uint, 0, len(users))
+	now := time.Now()
 	for _, u := range users {
 		ids = append(ids, u.ID)
-		items = append(items, AdminUserItem{
+		item := AdminUserItem{
 			ID:         u.ID,
 			Username:   u.Username,
 			Nickname:   u.Nickname,
@@ -139,15 +162,33 @@ func (s *AdminUserService) toItems(users []model.User) []AdminUserItem {
 			Avatar:     u.Avatar,
 			Signature:  u.Signature,
 			Role:       string(u.Role),
+			BoardIDs:   []uint{},
 			Banned:     u.Banned,
 			CreatedAt:  u.CreatedAt,
 			LastSeenAt: u.LastSeenAt,
-		})
+		}
+		if u.LastSeenAt != nil && now.Sub(*u.LastSeenAt) <= onlineThreshold {
+			item.Online = true
+		}
+		items = append(items, item)
 	}
 	if len(ids) == 0 {
 		return items
 	}

+	// 板块授权：一次查出本页全部映射
+	type ubRow struct {
+		UserID  uint
+		BoardID uint
+	}
+	var ubRows []ubRow
+	s.db.Model(&model.UserBoard{}).Where("user_id IN ?", ids).
+		Order("board_id ASC").Scan(&ubRows)
+	boardsMap := map[uint][]uint{}
+	for _, r := range ubRows {
+		boardsMap[r.UserID] = append(boardsMap[r.UserID], r.BoardID)
+	}
+
 	type countRow struct {
 		UserID uint
 		Cnt    int64
@@ -173,9 +214,32 @@ func (s *AdminUserService) toItems(users []model.User) []AdminUserItem {
 		commentCounts[r.UserID] = r.Cnt
 	}

+	// 每个用户最近一次成功登录（DISTINCT ON 走 user_id+created_at 索引）
+	type loginRow struct {
+		UserID    uint
+		IP        string
+		CreatedAt time.Time
+	}
+	var loginRows []loginRow
+	s.db.Raw(`SELECT DISTINCT ON (user_id) user_id, ip, created_at
+		FROM login_logs WHERE user_id IN ? AND success = true
+		ORDER BY user_id, created_at DESC`, ids).Scan(&loginRows)
+	lastLogin := map[uint]loginRow{}
+	for _, r := range loginRows {
+		lastLogin[r.UserID] = r
+	}
+
 	for i := range items {
 		items[i].PostCount = postCounts[items[i].ID]
 		items[i].CommentCount = commentCounts[items[i].ID]
+		if b := boardsMap[items[i].ID]; len(b) > 0 {
+			items[i].BoardIDs = b
+		}
+		if l, ok := lastLogin[items[i].ID]; ok {
+			t := l.CreatedAt
+			items[i].LastLoginIP = l.IP
+			items[i].LastLoginAt = &t
+		}
 	}
 	return items
 }
@@ -190,42 +254,78 @@ func (s *AdminUserService) getItem(tx *gorm.DB, id uint) (*AdminUserItem, error)
 	return &items[0], nil
 }

-// SetRole 修改用户角色。管理员降级时递增 token_version 并撤销 refresh token，
-// 使其旧 JWT（claims 中仍带 admin）立即失效，需重新登录获得新角色身份
-func (s *AdminUserService) SetRole(operatorID, targetID uint, role string) (*AdminUserItem, error) {
-	if role != string(model.RoleAdmin) && role != string(model.RoleUser) {
-		return nil, ErrInvalidUserRole
+// SetStaff 修改用户管理角色与板块授权。角色变更后强制下线，
+// 使其旧 JWT（claims 中带旧角色）立即失效，需重新登录获得新身份。
+// 站长账号任何时候都不可被操作；只有站长可授予超管；站长身份不可被授予。
+func (s *AdminUserService) SetStaff(operator *Actor, targetID uint, role model.Role, boardIDs []uint) (*AdminUserItem, error) {
+	if operator == nil {
+		return nil, ErrCannotAssignRole
 	}
-	if operatorID == targetID {
+	if operator.ID == targetID {
 		return nil, ErrAdminSelfAction
 	}
+	if !model.ValidRole(role) || role == model.RoleOwner {
+		return nil, ErrInvalidRole
+	}
+	if !operator.CanAssignRole(role) {
+		return nil, ErrCannotAssignRole
+	}
+
+	// 板块管理员：规整、去重并校验板块存在
+	var normBoards []uint
+	if role == model.RoleBoardAdmin {
+		seen := map[uint]bool{}
+		for _, b := range boardIDs {
+			if b > 0 && !seen[b] {
+				seen[b] = true
+				normBoards = append(normBoards, b)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(normBoards) == 0 {
+			return nil, ErrBoardRequired
+		}
+		var boardCnt int64
+		if err := s.db.Model(&model.Board{}).Where("id IN ?", normBoards).Count(&boardCnt).Error; err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if int(boardCnt) != len(normBoards) {
+			return nil, ErrBoardNotFound
+		}
+	}

-	var item *AdminUserItem
 	err := s.db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
 		var u model.User
 		if err := tx.First(&u, targetID).Error; err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		if string(u.Role) == role {
-			return nil
+		// 站长账号是唯一硬保护对象
+		if u.Role == model.RoleOwner {
+			return ErrProtectedOwner
 		}
-		// 降级管理员：确保还存在另一名未封禁管理员
-		if u.Role == model.RoleAdmin {
-			var otherAdmins int64
-			if err := tx.Model(&model.User{}).
-				Where("role = ? AND banned = ? AND id <> ?", model.RoleAdmin, false, targetID).
-				Count(&otherAdmins).Error; err != nil {
+
+		roleChanged := u.Role != role
+		if roleChanged {
+			if err := tx.Model(&u).Update("role", role).Error; err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			if otherAdmins == 0 {
-				return ErrLastAdmin
 		}
-		}
-		if err := tx.Model(&u).Update("role", model.Role(role)).Error; err != nil {
+
+		// 同步板块授权：整体替换；非板块管理员清空
+		if err := tx.Where("user_id = ?", targetID).Delete(&model.UserBoard{}).Error; err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		// 管理员被降级：强制下线，避免 15 分钟 JWT 窗口内仍保有管理权限
-		if role == string(model.RoleUser) {
+		if role == model.RoleBoardAdmin {
+			rows := make([]model.UserBoard, 0, len(normBoards))
+			for _, b := range normBoards {
+				rows = append(rows, model.UserBoard{UserID: targetID, BoardID: b})
+			}
+			if err := tx.Create(&rows).Error; err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		// 任何角色变化都强制下线（板块授权变化因 Actor 每次现查 DB，无需下线）
+		if roleChanged {
 			if err := invalidateUserSessions(tx, targetID); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -235,13 +335,15 @@ func (s *AdminUserService) SetRole(operatorID, targetID uint, role string) (*Adm
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	item, err = s.getItem(s.db, targetID)
-	return item, err
+	return s.getItem(s.db, targetID)
 }

-// SetBanned 封禁/解封用户。封禁时同事务使该用户全部登录态立即失效
-func (s *AdminUserService) SetBanned(operatorID, targetID uint, banned bool) (*AdminUserItem, error) {
-	if operatorID == targetID {
+// SetBanned 封禁/解封用户。站长账号不可封禁；封禁时同事务使登录态立即失效
+func (s *AdminUserService) SetBanned(operator *Actor, targetID uint, banned bool) (*AdminUserItem, error) {
+	if operator == nil {
+		return nil, ErrProtectedOwner
+	}
+	if operator.ID == targetID {
 		return nil, ErrAdminSelfAction
 	}

@@ -250,21 +352,12 @@ func (s *AdminUserService) SetBanned(operatorID, targetID uint, banned bool) (*A
 		if err := tx.First(&u, targetID).Error; err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		if u.Role == model.RoleOwner {
+			return ErrProtectedOwner
+		}
 		if u.Banned == banned {
 			return nil
 		}
-		// 封禁管理员：确保还存在另一名未封禁管理员，避免站点失去管理入口
-		if banned && u.Role == model.RoleAdmin {
-			var otherAdmins int64
-			if err := tx.Model(&model.User{}).
-				Where("role = ? AND banned = ? AND id <> ?", model.RoleAdmin, false, targetID).
-				Count(&otherAdmins).Error; err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if otherAdmins == 0 {
-				return ErrLastAdmin
-			}
-		}
 		if err := tx.Model(&u).Update("banned", banned).Error; err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -281,6 +374,55 @@ func (s *AdminUserService) SetBanned(operatorID, targetID uint, banned bool) (*A
 	return s.getItem(s.db, targetID)
 }

+// RecordLogin 记录一次登录尝试（成功/失败都写）。失败时用户可能不存在，
+// userID 传 0，username 仍落库便于异常登录排查
+func (s *AdminUserService) RecordLogin(userID uint, username, ip, ua string, success bool) {
+	if len([]rune(ua)) > 500 {
+		ua = string([]rune(ua)[:500])
+	}
+	log := model.LoginLog{
+		UserID:    userID,
+		Username:  truncateStr(username, 128),
+		IP:        truncateStr(ip, 45),
+		UserAgent: ua,
+		Success:   success,
+	}
+	// Select 强制写入全部字段：Success=false 是 Go 零值，
+	// 否则 GORM 会因 default 标签省略该列，导致失败记录被写成默认值
+	_ = s.db.Select("user_id", "username", "ip", "user_agent", "success", "created_at").
+		Create(&log).Error // 审计写失败不应阻断登录
+}
+
+// ListLoginLogs 查询某用户的登录历史（最近在前）
+func (s *AdminUserService) ListLoginLogs(targetID uint, page, size int) ([]model.LoginLog, int64, error) {
+	if page < 1 {
+		page = 1
+	}
+	if size < 1 || size > 50 {
+		size = 15
+	}
+	q := s.db.Model(&model.LoginLog{}).Where("user_id = ?", targetID)
+	var total int64
+	if err := q.Count(&total).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	var logs []model.LoginLog
+	if err := q.Order("created_at DESC").
+		Offset((page - 1) * size).Limit(size).
+		Find(&logs).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	return logs, total, nil
+}
+
+func truncateStr(s string, n int) string {
+	r := []rune(s)
+	if len(r) > n {
+		return string(r[:n])
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
 // invalidateUserSessions 在事务内递增 token_version 并撤销全部 refresh token，
 // 与 AuthService 的强制下线逻辑等价（封禁/管理员降级时调用）
 func invalidateUserSessions(tx *gorm.DB, userID uint) error {
--- a/backend/service/auth.go
+++ b/backend/service/auth.go
@@ -21,9 +21,6 @@ import (
 )

 const (
-	RoleUser  = "user"
-	RoleAdmin = "admin"
-
 	// CSRFHeaderName 前端传递 CSRF token 的 header 名
 	CSRFHeaderName = "X-CSRF-Token"

--- a/backend/service/comment.go
+++ b/backend/service/comment.go
@@ -9,6 +9,12 @@ import (
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )

+// 评论操作错误
+var (
+	ErrCommentNotFound  = errors.New("评论不存在")
+	ErrCommentForbidden = errors.New("无权限删除此评论")
+)
+
 // CommentService 评论服务
 type CommentService struct {
 	db *gorm.DB
@@ -114,25 +120,33 @@ func (s *CommentService) ListFloorPaged(postID uint, page, size int) ([]CommentN
 	return result, floors, totalComments, nil
 }

-// Create 创建评论（parentID 为 nil 时发主评论/楼层，否则发为对应评论的子回复）
+// Create 创建评论（parentID 为 nil 时发主评论/楼层，否则发为对应评论的子回复）。
+// status 由 handler 按角色计算：管理团队直发 published，普通用户进入 pending；
+// pending 评论不计入 comment_count，审核通过时才 +1。
 // 返回：新评论、父评论（子回复时非 nil，供通知定位被回复人）
-func (s *CommentService) Create(userID, postID uint, content string, parentID *uint) (*model.Comment, *model.Comment, error) {
+func (s *CommentService) Create(userID, postID uint, content string, parentID *uint, status string) (*model.Comment, *model.Comment, error) {
 	content = strings.TrimSpace(content)
 	if content == "" {
 		return nil, nil, errors.New("评论内容不能为空")
 	}
+	if status != model.ContentStatusPending && status != model.ContentStatusPublished {
+		status = model.ContentStatusPending
+	}

-	// 检查帖子是否存在且未锁定评论
+	// 检查帖子存在且已发布（待审/被拒帖子不接受评论）
 	var post model.Post
 	if err := s.db.First(&post, postID).Error; err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, errors.New("帖子不存在")
 	}
+	if post.Status != model.ContentStatusPublished {
+		return nil, nil, errors.New("帖子不存在")
+	}

 	comment := &model.Comment{
 		PostID:  postID,
 		UserID:  userID,
 		Content: content,
-		Status:  model.ContentStatusPublished,
+		Status:  status,
 	}

 	// 子回复：校验父评论（同帖、已发布），继承楼层根与层级
@@ -159,8 +173,10 @@ func (s *CommentService) Create(userID, postID uint, content string, parentID *u
 	if err := s.db.Create(comment).Error; err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
-	// 更新帖子评论数
+	// 仅已发布评论立即计入评论数；待审评论通过审核时才 +1
+	if comment.Status == model.ContentStatusPublished {
 		s.db.Model(&post).UpdateColumn("comment_count", gorm.Expr("comment_count + 1"))
+	}
 	// 预加载用户
 	s.db.Preload("User").First(comment, comment.ID)
 	return comment, parent, nil
@@ -210,15 +226,22 @@ func (s *CommentService) CountByUser(userID uint) (int64, error) {
 	return total, err
 }

-// Delete 删除评论（仅作者或管理员可操作），级联软删整棵子树
-func (s *CommentService) Delete(commentID, userID uint, role string) error {
+// Delete 删除评论（作者本人，或对帖子所属板块有审核权的管理成员），
+// 级联软删整棵子树
+func (s *CommentService) Delete(actor *Actor, commentID, userID uint) error {
 	var comment model.Comment
 	if err := s.db.First(&comment, commentID).Error; err != nil {
-		return errors.New("评论不存在")
+		return ErrCommentNotFound
+	}
+	// 权限校验：作者本人或板块审核权
+	if comment.UserID != userID {
+		var post model.Post
+		if err := s.db.Select("id", "board_id").First(&post, comment.PostID).Error; err != nil {
+			return ErrCommentNotFound
+		}
+		if !actor.CanModerateBoard(post.BoardID) {
+			return ErrCommentForbidden
 		}
-	// 权限校验：作者本人或管理员
-	if comment.UserID != userID && role != RoleAdmin {
-		return errors.New("无权限删除此评论")
 	}
 	// 收集子树：取同楼层全部评论，多轮标记出以目标为祖先的集合（含自身，深度有限必然收敛）
 	var all []model.Comment
@@ -247,11 +270,27 @@ func (s *CommentService) Delete(commentID, userID uint, role string) error {
 	for id := range descendants {
 		ids = append(ids, id)
 	}
-	// 软删子树并按实际条数递减帖子评论数
+	// 只有已发布评论曾计入 comment_count，递减时排除待审/被拒评论。
+	// all 含同楼层全部子评论（删除主评论时目标自身不在 all 内，需单独计入）
+	publishedCnt := 0
+	if comment.Status == model.ContentStatusPublished {
+		publishedCnt++
+	}
+	for _, c := range all {
+		if c.ID == comment.ID {
+			continue
+		}
+		if descendants[c.ID] && c.Status == model.ContentStatusPublished {
+			publishedCnt++
+		}
+	}
+	// 软删子树并按已发布条数递减帖子评论数
 	if err := s.db.Delete(&model.Comment{}, ids).Error; err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if publishedCnt > 0 {
 		s.db.Model(&model.Post{}).Where("id = ?", comment.PostID).
-		UpdateColumn("comment_count", gorm.Expr("GREATEST(comment_count - ?, 0)", len(ids)))
+			UpdateColumn("comment_count", gorm.Expr("GREATEST(comment_count - ?, 0)", publishedCnt))
+	}
 	return nil
 }
--- a/backend/service/moderation.go
+++ b/backend/service/moderation.go
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/freefire/jiang13-bbs/model"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
+// 内容审核相关错误
+var (
+	ErrModerationForbidden = errors.New("无权审核该板块的内容")
+	ErrNotPending          = errors.New("该内容不在待审核状态")
+)
+
+// ModerationService 帖子/评论审核队列
+type ModerationService struct {
+	db    *gorm.DB
+	notif *NotificationService
+}
+
+func NewModerationService(db *gorm.DB, notif *NotificationService) *ModerationService {
+	return &ModerationService{db: db, notif: notif}
+}
+
+// PendingCommentItem 待审评论列表项（带上所属帖子与板块，便于按板块隔离与展示）
+type PendingCommentItem struct {
+	ID        uint        `json:"id"`
+	PostID    uint        `json:"post_id"`
+	PostTitle string      `json:"post_title"`
+	BoardID   uint        `json:"board_id"`
+	Board     model.Board `json:"board"`
+	Content   string      `json:"content"`
+	CreatedAt time.Time   `json:"created_at"`
+	User      model.User  `json:"user"`
+}
+
+// boardScope 板块管理员只能看到/操作被授权板块；管理员及以上不限
+func boardScope(q *gorm.DB, actor *Actor) *gorm.DB {
+	if actor.Role == model.RoleBoardAdmin {
+		return q.Where("board_id IN ?", actor.BoardIDs)
+	}
+	return q
+}
+
+// PendingPosts 待审核帖子分页
+func (s *ModerationService) PendingPosts(actor *Actor, page, size int) ([]model.Post, int64, error) {
+	if page < 1 {
+		page = 1
+	}
+	if size < 1 || size > 50 {
+		size = 15
+	}
+	q := s.db.Model(&model.Post{}).Where("status = ?", model.ContentStatusPending)
+	q = boardScope(q, actor)
+	var total int64
+	if err := q.Count(&total).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	var posts []model.Post
+	if err := q.Order("created_at ASC").
+		Offset((page - 1) * size).Limit(size).
+		Preload("Board").Preload("User").
+		Find(&posts).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	return posts, total, nil
+}
+
+// PendingComments 待审核评论分页（JOIN 帖子取板块与标题）
+func (s *ModerationService) PendingComments(actor *Actor, page, size int) ([]PendingCommentItem, int64, error) {
+	if page < 1 {
+		page = 1
+	}
+	if size < 1 || size > 50 {
+		size = 15
+	}
+	base := s.db.Table("comments").
+		Joins("JOIN posts ON posts.id = comments.post_id").
+		Where("comments.status = ? AND comments.deleted_at IS NULL AND posts.deleted_at IS NULL",
+			model.ContentStatusPending)
+	if actor.Role == model.RoleBoardAdmin {
+		base = base.Where("posts.board_id IN ?", actor.BoardIDs)
+	}
+	var total int64
+	if err := base.Count(&total).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	type row struct {
+		ID        uint
+		PostID    uint
+		PostTitle string
+		BoardID   uint
+		Content   string
+		CreatedAt time.Time
+		UserID    uint
+	}
+	var rows []row
+	if err := base.Select("comments.id, comments.post_id, posts.title AS post_title, posts.board_id, " +
+		"comments.content, comments.created_at, comments.user_id").
+		Order("comments.created_at ASC").
+		Offset((page - 1) * size).Limit(size).
+		Scan(&rows).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	items := make([]PendingCommentItem, 0, len(rows))
+	if len(rows) > 0 {
+		userIDs := map[uint]bool{}
+		boardIDs := map[uint]bool{}
+		for _, r := range rows {
+			userIDs[r.UserID] = true
+			if r.BoardID > 0 {
+				boardIDs[r.BoardID] = true
+			}
+		}
+		var users []model.User
+		s.db.Where("id IN ?", keys(userIDs)).Find(&users)
+		userMap := map[uint]model.User{}
+		for _, u := range users {
+			userMap[u.ID] = u
+		}
+		var boards []model.Board
+		s.db.Where("id IN ?", keys(boardIDs)).Find(&boards)
+		boardMap := map[uint]model.Board{}
+		for _, b := range boards {
+			boardMap[b.ID] = b
+		}
+		for _, r := range rows {
+			items = append(items, PendingCommentItem{
+				ID:        r.ID,
+				PostID:    r.PostID,
+				PostTitle: r.PostTitle,
+				BoardID:   r.BoardID,
+				Board:     boardMap[r.BoardID],
+				Content:   r.Content,
+				CreatedAt: r.CreatedAt,
+				User:      userMap[r.UserID],
+			})
+		}
+	}
+	return items, total, nil
+}
+
+// PendingCounts 当前操作者可见的待审数量（导航角标）
+func (s *ModerationService) PendingCounts(actor *Actor) (posts int64, comments int64) {
+	q := s.db.Model(&model.Post{}).Where("status = ?", model.ContentStatusPending)
+	boardScope(q, actor).Count(&posts)
+
+	cq := s.db.Table("comments").
+		Joins("JOIN posts ON posts.id = comments.post_id").
+		Where("comments.status = ? AND comments.deleted_at IS NULL AND posts.deleted_at IS NULL",
+			model.ContentStatusPending)
+	if actor.Role == model.RoleBoardAdmin {
+		cq = cq.Where("posts.board_id IN ?", actor.BoardIDs)
+	}
+	cq.Count(&comments)
+	return
+}
+
+// ApprovePost 帖子审核通过
+func (s *ModerationService) ApprovePost(actor *Actor, id uint) error {
+	return s.db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		var post model.Post
+		if err := tx.First(&post, id).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !actor.CanModerateBoard(post.BoardID) {
+			return ErrModerationForbidden
+		}
+		if post.Status != model.ContentStatusPending {
+			return ErrNotPending
+		}
+		if err := tx.Model(&post).Update("status", model.ContentStatusPublished).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		s.notif.Create(post.UserID, actor.ID, model.NotificationTypeApproved, post.ID, 0,
+			"你的帖子《"+post.Title+"》已通过审核")
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+// RejectPost 帖子审核拒绝（标记 rejected，不物理删除；作者仍可在详情页看到结果）
+func (s *ModerationService) RejectPost(actor *Actor, id uint) error {
+	return s.db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		var post model.Post
+		if err := tx.First(&post, id).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !actor.CanModerateBoard(post.BoardID) {
+			return ErrModerationForbidden
+		}
+		if post.Status != model.ContentStatusPending {
+			return ErrNotPending
+		}
+		if err := tx.Model(&post).Update("status", model.ContentStatusRejected).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		s.notif.Create(post.UserID, actor.ID, model.NotificationTypeRejected, post.ID, 0,
+			"你的帖子《"+post.Title+"》未通过审核")
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+// ApproveComment 评论审核通过（通过时才计入帖子评论数）
+func (s *ModerationService) ApproveComment(actor *Actor, id uint) error {
+	return s.db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		var cm model.Comment
+		if err := tx.First(&cm, id).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		var post model.Post
+		if err := tx.Select("id", "board_id", "title").First(&post, cm.PostID).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !actor.CanModerateBoard(post.BoardID) {
+			return ErrModerationForbidden
+		}
+		if cm.Status != model.ContentStatusPending {
+			return ErrNotPending
+		}
+		if err := tx.Model(&cm).Update("status", model.ContentStatusPublished).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := tx.Model(&model.Post{}).Where("id = ?", cm.PostID).
+			UpdateColumn("comment_count", gorm.Expr("comment_count + 1")).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		s.notif.Create(cm.UserID, actor.ID, model.NotificationTypeApproved, cm.PostID, cm.ID,
+			"你在帖子《"+post.Title+"》下的评论已通过审核")
+		// 评论此时才公开，补发送业务通知（以评论者为 actor）：
+		// 主评论通知帖子作者；子回复通知父评论作者
+		if cm.ParentID == nil {
+			s.notif.Create(post.UserID, cm.UserID, model.NotificationTypeComment, cm.PostID, cm.ID, cm.Content)
+		} else {
+			var parent model.Comment
+			if err := tx.Select("user_id").First(&parent, *cm.ParentID).Error; err == nil {
+				s.notif.Create(parent.UserID, cm.UserID, model.NotificationTypeReply, cm.PostID, cm.ID, cm.Content)
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+// RejectComment 评论审核拒绝
+func (s *ModerationService) RejectComment(actor *Actor, id uint) error {
+	return s.db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		var cm model.Comment
+		if err := tx.First(&cm, id).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		var post model.Post
+		if err := tx.Select("id", "board_id", "title").First(&post, cm.PostID).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !actor.CanModerateBoard(post.BoardID) {
+			return ErrModerationForbidden
+		}
+		if cm.Status != model.ContentStatusPending {
+			return ErrNotPending
+		}
+		if err := tx.Model(&cm).Update("status", model.ContentStatusRejected).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		s.notif.Create(cm.UserID, actor.ID, model.NotificationTypeRejected, cm.PostID, cm.ID,
+			"你在帖子《"+post.Title+"》下的评论未通过审核")
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+func keys(m map[uint]bool) []uint {
+	out := make([]uint, 0, len(m))
+	for k := range m {
+		out = append(out, k)
+	}
+	return out
+}
--- a/backend/service/post.go
+++ b/backend/service/post.go
@@ -9,6 +9,12 @@ import (
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )

+// 帖子操作错误
+var (
+	ErrPostNotFound  = errors.New("帖子不存在")
+	ErrPostForbidden = errors.New("无权限操作此帖子")
+)
+
 // PostService 帖子服务
 type PostService struct {
 	db *gorm.DB
@@ -263,19 +269,51 @@ func (s *PostService) ToggleRecommend(id uint) (bool, error) {
 	return newVal, nil
 }

-// GetByID 获取帖子详情
-func (s *PostService) GetByID(id uint) (*model.Post, error) {
+// visibleTo 非已发布帖子仅作者本人或对该板块有审核权的管理成员可见。
+// loadActor 为懒加载回调：仅访问非已发布帖且访问者非作者时才触发，避免常规浏览多查 DB
+func visibleToPost(post *model.Post, viewerID uint, loadActor func() *Actor) bool {
+	if post.Status == model.ContentStatusPublished {
+		return true
+	}
+	if viewerID > 0 && post.UserID == viewerID {
+		return true
+	}
+	if loadActor == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return loadActor().CanModerateBoard(post.BoardID)
+}
+
+// GetByIDForViewer 获取帖子详情（带可见性校验）；通过校验才计入浏览量。
+// viewerID 为当前登录用户（未登录传 0），loadActor 可传 nil
+func (s *PostService) GetByIDForViewer(id, viewerID uint, loadActor func() *Actor) (*model.Post, error) {
 	var post model.Post
 	if err := s.db.Preload("Board").Preload("User").First(&post, id).Error; err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, ErrPostNotFound
 	}
-	// 增加浏览量
+	if !visibleToPost(&post, viewerID, loadActor) {
+		return nil, ErrPostNotFound
+	}
+	// 增加浏览量（待审/被拒内容不计）
 	s.db.Model(&post).UpdateColumn("view_count", gorm.Expr("view_count + 1"))
 	return &post, nil
 }

-// Create 创建帖子
-func (s *PostService) Create(userID uint, boardID uint, title, content, tags, postType string) (*model.Post, error) {
+// EnsurePostVisible 校验帖子对当前访问者可见（评论列表等场景复用，不增加浏览量）
+func (s *PostService) EnsurePostVisible(postID, viewerID uint, loadActor func() *Actor) error {
+	var post model.Post
+	if err := s.db.Select("id", "user_id", "board_id", "status").First(&post, postID).Error; err != nil {
+		return ErrPostNotFound
+	}
+	if !visibleToPost(&post, viewerID, loadActor) {
+		return ErrPostNotFound
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Create 创建帖子。status 由 handler 按角色计算：
+// 管理团队成员直发 published，普通用户进入 pending 等待审核
+func (s *PostService) Create(userID uint, boardID uint, title, content, tags, postType, status string) (*model.Post, error) {
 	title = strings.TrimSpace(title)
 	content = strings.TrimSpace(content)
 	if title == "" {
@@ -287,6 +325,9 @@ func (s *PostService) Create(userID uint, boardID uint, title, content, tags, po
 	if boardID == 0 {
 		return nil, errors.New("请选择板块")
 	}
+	if status != model.ContentStatusPending && status != model.ContentStatusPublished {
+		status = model.ContentStatusPending
+	}

 	// 新用户 24h 冷静期校验
 	if err := s.checkNewUserCooldown(userID); err != nil {
@@ -300,7 +341,7 @@ func (s *PostService) Create(userID uint, boardID uint, title, content, tags, po
 		Content:  content,
 		Tags:     tags,
 		PostType: postType,
-		Status:   model.ContentStatusPublished,
+		Status:   status,
 	}
 	if err := s.db.Create(post).Error; err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -323,15 +364,15 @@ func (s *PostService) checkNewUserCooldown(userID uint) error {
 	return nil
 }

-// Update 更新帖子（仅作者或管理员可操作）
-func (s *PostService) Update(postID, userID uint, role string, title, content, tags string) (*model.Post, error) {
+// Update 更新帖子（作者本人，或对该板块有审核权的管理成员）
+func (s *PostService) Update(actor *Actor, postID, userID uint, title, content, tags string) (*model.Post, error) {
 	var post model.Post
 	if err := s.db.First(&post, postID).Error; err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.New("帖子不存在")
+		return nil, ErrPostNotFound
 	}
-	// 权限校验：作者本人或管理员
-	if post.UserID != userID && role != RoleAdmin {
-		return nil, errors.New("无权限编辑此帖子")
+	// 权限校验：作者本人或板块审核权
+	if post.UserID != userID && !actor.CanModerateBoard(post.BoardID) {
+		return nil, ErrPostForbidden
 	}

 	updates := map[string]interface{}{}
@@ -358,15 +399,15 @@ func (s *PostService) Update(postID, userID uint, role string, title, content, t
 	return &post, nil
 }

-// Delete 删除帖子（仅作者或管理员可操作）
-func (s *PostService) Delete(postID, userID uint, role string) error {
+// Delete 删除帖子（作者本人，或对该板块有审核权的管理成员）
+func (s *PostService) Delete(actor *Actor, postID, userID uint) error {
 	var post model.Post
 	if err := s.db.First(&post, postID).Error; err != nil {
-		return errors.New("帖子不存在")
+		return ErrPostNotFound
 	}
-	// 权限校验：作者本人或管理员
-	if post.UserID != userID && role != RoleAdmin {
-		return errors.New("无权限删除此帖子")
+	// 权限校验：作者本人或板块审核权
+	if post.UserID != userID && !actor.CanModerateBoard(post.BoardID) {
+		return ErrPostForbidden
 	}
 	// 软删除（gorm DeletedAt）
 	if err := s.db.Delete(&post).Error; err != nil {
--- a/frontend/app/admin/AdminNav.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/admin/AdminNav.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@

 import Link from "next/link";
 import { usePathname } from "next/navigation";
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
 import type { LucideIcon } from "lucide-react";
 import {
  LayoutDashboard,
@@ -10,29 +11,114 @@ import {
  Palette,
  ShieldCheck,
  ArrowLeft,
+  ClipboardCheck,
 } from "lucide-react";
 import type { User } from "@/lib/api";
+import { apiAdminPendingCounts } from "@/lib/api";
+import {
+  canModerateAny,
+  isAdminOrAbove,
+  isSuperOrOwner,
+  type RoleUserLike,
+} from "@/lib/roles";
 import Avatar from "@/components/Avatar";
+import RoleBadge from "@/components/RoleBadge";
+
+interface NavItem {
+  href: string;
+  label: string;
+  icon: LucideIcon;
+  exact?: boolean;
+  /** 按 /me 角色过滤可见性；最终权限以后端路由守卫为准 */
+  visible: (u: RoleUserLike) => boolean;
+  /** 是否携带待审核角标 */
+  pendingBadge?: boolean;
+}

 // 后台导航项：exact 为精确匹配（仪表盘 /admin），其余按路径前缀匹配
-const NAV_ITEMS: { href: string; label: string; icon: LucideIcon; exact?: boolean }[] = [
-  { href: "/admin", label: "仪表盘", icon: LayoutDashboard, exact: true },
-  { href: "/admin/users", label: "用户管理", icon: Users },
-  { href: "/admin/announcements", label: "公告管理", icon: Megaphone },
-  { href: "/admin/appearance", label: "外观设置", icon: Palette },
+const NAV_ITEMS: NavItem[] = [
+  { href: "/admin", label: "仪表盘", icon: LayoutDashboard, exact: true, visible: () => true },
+  {
+    href: "/admin/moderation",
+    label: "内容审核",
+    icon: ClipboardCheck,
+    visible: (u) => canModerateAny(u),
+    pendingBadge: true,
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/admin/announcements",
+    label: "公告管理",
+    icon: Megaphone,
+    visible: (u) => isAdminOrAbove(u.role),
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/admin/users",
+    label: "用户权限",
+    icon: Users,
+    visible: (u) => isSuperOrOwner(u.role),
+  },
+  {
+    href: "/admin/appearance",
+    label: "外观设置",
+    icon: Palette,
+    visible: (u) => isSuperOrOwner(u.role),
+  },
 ];

 function isActive(pathname: string, href: string, exact?: boolean) {
  return exact ? pathname === href : pathname === href || pathname.startsWith(`${href}/`);
 }

+/** 待审核数量轮询（30 秒）；仅内容审核入口可见时启用 */
+function usePendingCounts(enabled: boolean) {
+  const [counts, setCounts] = useState({ posts: 0, comments: 0 });
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!enabled) return;
+    let alive = true;
+    const load = () => {
+      apiAdminPendingCounts()
+        .then((c) => {
+          if (alive) setCounts(c);
+        })
+        .catch(() => {});
+    };
+    load();
+    const t = setInterval(load, 30_000);
+    const onVisible = () => {
+      if (document.visibilityState === "visible") load();
+    };
+    document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", onVisible);
+    return () => {
+      alive = false;
+      clearInterval(t);
+      document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange", onVisible);
+    };
+  }, [enabled]);
+  return counts.posts + counts.comments;
+}
+
+function PendingBadge({ count }: { count: number }) {
+  if (count <= 0) return null;
+  return (
+    <span
+      className="ml-auto shrink-0 min-w-[20px] h-5 px-1.5 rounded-full inline-flex items-center justify-center text-[10.5px] font-extrabold tabular-nums"
+      style={{ background: "var(--gold-soft)", color: "var(--gold)" }}
+      aria-label={`${count} 条待审核`}
+    >
+      {count > 99 ? "99+" : count}
+    </span>
+  );
+}
+
 /**
- * 桌面端后台侧边栏：品牌头 + 分组导航 + 返回站点 + 管理员身份卡。
+ * 桌面端后台侧边栏：品牌头 + 分组导航 + 返回站点 + 身份卡。
 * 选中态复用全站导航语言（--nav-active-bg 淡底 + accent 文字），
 * 与 j13-bcard / 顶部 pill 保持一致。
 */
 export function AdminSidebar({ user }: { user: User }) {
  const pathname = usePathname();
+  const items = NAV_ITEMS.filter((i) => i.visible(user));
+  const pendingTotal = usePendingCounts(items.some((i) => i.pendingBadge));

  return (
    <div className="panel p-3">
@@ -59,7 +145,7 @@ export function AdminSidebar({ user }: { user: User }) {
        <p className="field-label px-2 pb-1.5" style={{ marginBottom: 0 }}>
          站点管理
        </p>
-        {NAV_ITEMS.map((item) => {
+        {items.map((item) => {
          const active = isActive(pathname, item.href, item.exact);
          const Icon = item.icon;
          return (
@@ -76,6 +162,7 @@ export function AdminSidebar({ user }: { user: User }) {
            >
              <Icon size={16} className="shrink-0" style={{ color: active ? "var(--nav-active-ink)" : "var(--ink-3)" }} />
              {item.label}
+              {item.pendingBadge && <PendingBadge count={pendingTotal} />}
            </Link>
          );
        })}
@@ -93,7 +180,7 @@ export function AdminSidebar({ user }: { user: User }) {
        </Link>
      </div>

-      {/* 管理员身份卡 */}
+      {/* 身份卡：按当前角色显示对应徽章（站长为皇冠标识） */}
      <div className="flex items-center gap-2.5 mt-2 px-2.5 py-2.5 rounded-xl" style={{ background: "var(--panel-2)" }}>
        <Avatar name={user.nickname || user.username} src={user.avatar || undefined} size={32} />
        <div className="min-w-0 leading-tight">
@@ -104,12 +191,8 @@ export function AdminSidebar({ user }: { user: User }) {
            @{user.username}
          </p>
        </div>
-        <span
-          className="ml-auto shrink-0 inline-flex items-center gap-1 rounded-full px-2 py-0.5 text-[10.5px] font-bold leading-[1.6]"
-          style={{ background: "var(--accent-soft)", color: "var(--accent)" }}
-        >
-          <ShieldCheck size={11} />
-          管理员
+        <span className="ml-auto shrink-0">
+          <RoleBadge role={user.role} boardIds={user.board_ids} size={11} />
        </span>
      </div>
    </div>
@@ -120,8 +203,10 @@ export function AdminSidebar({ user }: { user: User }) {
 * 移动端后台导航：横向滚动 pill，吸附在全站 Header 下方，
 * 窄屏下保持与桌面侧栏同等的切换能力且不占垂直空间。
 */
-export function AdminNavMobile() {
+export function AdminNavMobile({ user }: { user: User }) {
  const pathname = usePathname();
+  const items = NAV_ITEMS.filter((i) => i.visible(user));
+  const pendingTotal = usePendingCounts(items.some((i) => i.pendingBadge));

  return (
    <div
@@ -135,7 +220,7 @@ export function AdminNavMobile() {
      }}
    >
      <nav className="flex items-center gap-2 overflow-x-auto" aria-label="后台导航">
-        {NAV_ITEMS.map((item) => {
+        {items.map((item) => {
          const active = isActive(pathname, item.href, item.exact);
          const Icon = item.icon;
          return (
@@ -152,6 +237,14 @@ export function AdminNavMobile() {
            >
              <Icon size={14} />
              {item.label}
+              {item.pendingBadge && pendingTotal > 0 && (
+                <span
+                  className="min-w-[18px] h-[18px] px-1 rounded-full inline-flex items-center justify-center text-[10px] font-extrabold tabular-nums"
+                  style={{ background: "var(--gold-soft)", color: "var(--gold)" }}
+                >
+                  {pendingTotal > 99 ? "99+" : pendingTotal}
+                </span>
+              )}
            </Link>
          );
        })}
--- a/frontend/app/admin/Forbidden.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/admin/Forbidden.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import Link from "next/link";
+import { ShieldAlert } from "lucide-react";
+
+// 子页面细粒度权限守卫的统一无权限视图（写接口仍由后端 403 兜底）
+export default function Forbidden({
+  text = "你没有访问该管理功能的权限，如有需要请联系站长调整角色。",
+}: {
+  text?: string;
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div className="max-w-md mx-auto panel p-8 text-center">
+      <span
+        className="inline-flex w-14 h-14 rounded-full items-center justify-center mb-4"
+        style={{ background: "var(--gold-soft)", color: "var(--gold)" }}
+      >
+        <ShieldAlert size={26} />
+      </span>
+      <h1 className="text-lg font-extrabold" style={{ color: "var(--ink)" }}>
+        权限不足
+      </h1>
+      <p className="meta mt-2 text-[13px] leading-relaxed">{text}</p>
+      <Link href="/admin" className="btn btn-primary mt-6">
+        返回仪表盘
+      </Link>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
--- a/frontend/app/admin/announcements/page.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/admin/announcements/page.tsx
@@ -1,11 +1,21 @@
 import type { Metadata } from "next";
+import { cookies } from "next/headers";
 import AnnouncementAdmin from "./AnnouncementAdmin";
+import { authCookieHeader } from "@/lib/cookies";
+import { getMeCached } from "@/lib/serverData";
+import { isAdminOrAbove } from "@/lib/roles";
+import Forbidden from "../Forbidden";

 export const metadata: Metadata = {
  title: "站点公告管理",
 };

-// 管理员鉴权与 noindex 由 app/admin/layout.tsx 统一承担；本页只负责内容直出
-export default function AdminAnnouncementsPage() {
+// 公告管理仅管理员及以上可用（板块管理员无公告权；后端路由另有守卫）
+export default async function AdminAnnouncementsPage() {
+  const cookie = authCookieHeader(await cookies());
+  const me = await getMeCached(cookie || undefined);
+  if (!me.user || !isAdminOrAbove(me.user.role)) {
+    return <Forbidden text="公告管理仅管理员及以上角色可操作。" />;
+  }
  return <AnnouncementAdmin />;
 }
--- a/frontend/app/admin/appearance/page.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/admin/appearance/page.tsx
@@ -1,14 +1,23 @@
 import type { Metadata } from "next";
-import { getPublicSettingsCached } from "@/lib/serverData";
+import { cookies } from "next/headers";
+import { getPublicSettingsCached, getMeCached } from "@/lib/serverData";
+import { authCookieHeader } from "@/lib/cookies";
+import { isSuperOrOwner } from "@/lib/roles";
+import Forbidden from "../Forbidden";
 import AppearanceAdmin from "./AppearanceAdmin";

 export const metadata: Metadata = {
  title: "外观设置",
 };

-// 管理员鉴权与 noindex 由 app/admin/layout.tsx 统一承担。
-// 主题色为公开设置：当前已保存值随 SSR 直出，避免面板初始闪动
+// 主题色为公开设置：当前已保存值随 SSR 直出，避免面板初始闪动；
+// 写操作仅超级管理员与站长可用（后端 PUT /settings 另有守卫）
 export default async function AdminAppearancePage() {
+  const cookie = authCookieHeader(await cookies());
+  const me = await getMeCached(cookie || undefined);
+  if (!me.user || !isSuperOrOwner(me.user.role)) {
+    return <Forbidden text="外观设置仅超级管理员和站长可操作。" />;
+  }
  const { accent } = await getPublicSettingsCached();
  return <AppearanceAdmin initialAccent={accent || ""} />;
 }
--- a/frontend/app/admin/layout.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/admin/layout.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { cookies } from "next/headers";
 import { ShieldAlert } from "lucide-react";
 import { authCookieHeader } from "@/lib/cookies";
 import { getMeCached } from "@/lib/serverData";
+import { isStaff } from "@/lib/roles";
 import { AdminSidebar, AdminNavMobile } from "./AdminNav";

 // 整个 /admin 树不进入索引（子页面无需重复声明）
@@ -11,13 +12,13 @@ export const metadata: Metadata = {
  robots: { index: false, follow: false },
 };

-// 权限以 Go 端 RequireAdmin 为唯一判定；这里仅决定管理界面是否直出，
-// 非管理员访问任意 /admin/* 时 SSR 统一给出无权限提示（所有写接口仍由后端 403 兜底）。
+// 权限以 Go 端 RequireStaff 为唯一判定；这里仅决定管理界面是否直出，
+// 非管理团队访问任意 /admin/* 时 SSR 统一给出无权限提示（所有写接口仍由后端 403 兜底）。
 export default async function AdminLayout({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
  const cookie = authCookieHeader(await cookies());
  const me = await getMeCached(cookie || undefined);

-  if (me.user?.role !== "admin") {
+  if (!me.user || !isStaff(me.user.role)) {
    return (
      <div className="max-w-md mx-auto panel p-8 text-center mt-6 lg:mt-10">
        <span
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ export default async function AdminLayout({ children }: { children: React.ReactN

  return (
    <div>
-      <AdminNavMobile />
+      <AdminNavMobile user={me.user} />
      <div className="flex items-start gap-6 xl:gap-7">
        <aside className="hidden lg:block w-60 xl:w-64 shrink-0">
          <div className="sticky" style={{ top: 84 }}>
--- a/frontend/app/admin/moderation/ModerationAdmin.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/admin/moderation/ModerationAdmin.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,457 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import Link from "next/link";
+import {
+  Check,
+  ChevronLeft,
+  ChevronRight,
+  ClipboardCheck,
+  FileText,
+  Loader2,
+  MessagesSquare,
+  X,
+} from "lucide-react";
+import {
+  apiAdminPendingPosts,
+  apiAdminPendingComments,
+  apiAdminPendingCounts,
+  apiAdminApprovePost,
+  apiAdminRejectPost,
+  apiAdminApproveComment,
+  apiAdminRejectComment,
+  type PendingCommentItem,
+  type PendingCounts,
+  type Post,
+} from "@/lib/api";
+import { formatRelative } from "@/lib/format";
+import { toast } from "@/lib/toast";
+import Avatar from "@/components/Avatar";
+
+const PAGE_SIZE = 15;
+
+type Tab = "posts" | "comments";
+
+// 粗略去除 Markdown 标记，生成纯文本摘要
+function excerpt(md: string, max = 160): string {
+  const text = md
+    .replace(/```[\s\S]*?```/g, " ")
+    .replace(/[#>*_`~\-]/g, "")
+    .replace(/\[([^\]]+)\]\([^)]+\)/g, "$1")
+    .replace(/\s+/g, " ")
+    .trim();
+  return text.length > max ? `${text.slice(0, max)}…` : text;
+}
+
+export default function ModerationAdmin({
+  initialPosts,
+  initialPostsTotal,
+  initError,
+}: {
+  initialPosts: Post[];
+  initialPostsTotal: number;
+  initError: string;
+}) {
+  const [tab, setTab] = useState<Tab>("posts");
+  const [counts, setCounts] = useState<PendingCounts>({ posts: initialPostsTotal, comments: 0 });
+
+  // 帖子队列
+  const [posts, setPosts] = useState<Post[]>(initialPosts);
+  const [postsTotal, setPostsTotal] = useState(initialPostsTotal);
+  const [postsPage, setPostsPage] = useState(1);
+
+  // 评论队列
+  const [comments, setComments] = useState<PendingCommentItem[]>([]);
+  const [commentsTotal, setCommentsTotal] = useState(0);
+  const [commentsPage, setCommentsPage] = useState(1);
+  const [commentsLoaded, setCommentsLoaded] = useState(false);
+
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [error, setError] = useState(initError);
+  const [actingKey, setActingKey] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  // 拒绝的二次内联确认（key: posts-<id> / comments-<id>，3 秒自动复原）
+  const [confirmKey, setConfirmKey] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const confirmTimer = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>(null);
+
+  const refreshCounts = useCallback(() => {
+    apiAdminPendingCounts()
+      .then(setCounts)
+      .catch(() => {});
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    refreshCounts();
+  }, [refreshCounts]);
+
+  const loadPosts = useCallback(async (page: number) => {
+    setLoading(true);
+    try {
+      const res = await apiAdminPendingPosts(page);
+      setPosts(res.posts);
+      setPostsTotal(res.total);
+      setError("");
+    } catch (e) {
+      setError(e instanceof Error ? e.message : "获取待审帖子失败");
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  const loadComments = useCallback(async (page: number) => {
+    setLoading(true);
+    try {
+      const res = await apiAdminPendingComments(page);
+      setComments(res.comments);
+      setCommentsTotal(res.total);
+      setError("");
+    } catch (e) {
+      setError(e instanceof Error ? e.message : "获取待审评论失败");
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  const switchTab = (t: Tab) => {
+    if (t === tab) return;
+    setTab(t);
+    setError("");
+    setConfirmKey(null);
+    if (t === "comments" && !commentsLoaded) {
+      setCommentsLoaded(true);
+      loadComments(1);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const goPosts = (p: number) => {
+    const next = Math.min(Math.max(1, p), Math.max(1, Math.ceil(postsTotal / PAGE_SIZE)));
+    setPostsPage(next);
+    loadPosts(next);
+  };
+  const goComments = (p: number) => {
+    const next = Math.min(Math.max(1, p), Math.max(1, Math.ceil(commentsTotal / PAGE_SIZE)));
+    setCommentsPage(next);
+    loadComments(next);
+  };
+
+  const armConfirm = (key: string) => {
+    setConfirmKey(key);
+    if (confirmTimer.current) clearTimeout(confirmTimer.current);
+    confirmTimer.current = setTimeout(() => setConfirmKey(null), 3000);
+  };
+
+  // 本地移除已处理项；当页清空且不在第一页时回退一页
+  const afterAction = (kind: Tab, removedPage: number, removedPageItems: number, remaining: number) => {
+    refreshCounts();
+    setConfirmKey(null);
+    if (remaining === 0 && removedPage > 1) {
+      const prev = removedPage - 1;
+      if (kind === "posts") {
+        setPostsPage(prev);
+        loadPosts(prev);
+      } else {
+        setCommentsPage(prev);
+        loadComments(prev);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  const act = async (
+    key: string,
+    kind: "posts" | "comments",
+    id: number,
+    approve: boolean,
+    page: number,
+    pageItems: number
+  ) => {
+    // 首次点拒绝进入确认态，不执行
+    if (!approve && confirmKey !== key) {
+      armConfirm(key);
+      return;
+    }
+    setActingKey(key);
+    try {
+      if (kind === "posts") {
+        if (approve) await apiAdminApprovePost(id);
+        else await apiAdminRejectPost(id);
+        setPosts((list) => list.filter((p) => p.id !== id));
+        setPostsTotal((t) => Math.max(0, t - 1));
+      } else {
+        if (approve) await apiAdminApproveComment(id);
+        else await apiAdminRejectComment(id);
+        setComments((list) => list.filter((c) => c.id !== id));
+        setCommentsTotal((t) => Math.max(0, t - 1));
+      }
+      toast(approve ? "已通过审核，内容已公开" : "已拒绝，作者将收到通知", "ok");
+      afterAction(kind, page, pageItems, pageItems - 1);
+    } catch (e) {
+      toast(e instanceof Error ? e.message : "操作失败");
+    } finally {
+      setActingKey(null);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const totalPages = tab === "posts"
+    ? Math.max(1, Math.ceil(postsTotal / PAGE_SIZE))
+    : Math.max(1, Math.ceil(commentsTotal / PAGE_SIZE));
+
+  return (
+    <div>
+      {/* 页头 */}
+      <div className="mb-5">
+        <h1
+          className="text-[22px] sm:text-[26px] font-extrabold tracking-tight flex items-center gap-2.5"
+          style={{ color: "var(--ink)" }}
+        >
+          <span
+            className="w-9 h-9 rounded-xl flex items-center justify-center"
+            style={{ background: "var(--accent-soft)", color: "var(--accent)" }}
+          >
+            <ClipboardCheck size={18} />
+          </span>
+          内容审核
+        </h1>
+        <p className="meta mt-1.5 text-[12.5px]">
+          普通用户发布的帖子与评论需审核通过后公开；板块管理员仅能处理授权板块的内容
+        </p>
+      </div>
+
+      {/* 队列切换 */}
+      <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 mb-4 flex-wrap" role="tablist" aria-label="审核队列">
+        {(
+          [
+            { key: "posts" as Tab, label: "待审帖子", count: counts.posts, icon: <FileText size={14} /> },
+            { key: "comments" as Tab, label: "待审评论", count: counts.comments, icon: <MessagesSquare size={14} /> },
+          ]
+        ).map((t) => {
+          const active = tab === t.key;
+          return (
+            <button
+              key={t.key}
+              type="button"
+              role="tab"
+              aria-selected={active}
+              onClick={() => switchTab(t.key)}
+              className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3.5 py-2 rounded-full text-[13px] font-semibold transition-colors"
+              style={
+                active
+                  ? { background: "var(--nav-active-bg)", color: "var(--nav-active-ink)" }
+                  : { color: "var(--ink-2)", background: "var(--panel-2)" }
+              }
+            >
+              {t.icon}
+              {t.label}
+              <span
+                className="text-[11px] tabular-nums rounded-full px-1.5 leading-[1.7]"
+                style={{
+                  background: "var(--panel)",
+                  color: active ? "var(--nav-active-ink)" : "var(--ink-3)",
+                }}
+              >
+                {t.count}
+              </span>
+            </button>
+          );
+        })}
+      </div>
+
+      {error && <p className="alert-error mb-4">{error}</p>}
+
+      <div aria-busy={loading} style={{ opacity: loading ? 0.6 : 1, transition: "opacity .15s" }}>
+        {tab === "posts" ? (
+          posts.length === 0 ? (
+            <EmptyQueue icon={<FileText size={22} />} text="暂无待审核帖子" />
+          ) : (
+            <div className="flex flex-col gap-3">
+              {posts.map((p) => {
+                const key = `posts-${p.id}`;
+                const busy = actingKey === key;
+                const confirming = confirmKey === key;
+                return (
+                  <div key={p.id} className="panel p-4 sm:p-5">
+                    <div className="flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap mb-2.5">
+                      <Link
+                        href={`/board/${p.board.id}`}
+                        className="chip"
+                        style={{ fontSize: 11.5 }}
+                      >
+                        {p.board.name}
+                      </Link>
+                      <span className="meta text-[11.5px]">{formatRelative(p.created_at)}</span>
+                    </div>
+                    <Link
+                      href={`/post/${p.id}`}
+                      target="_blank"
+                      className="block text-[15.5px] font-extrabold tracking-tight leading-snug hover:text-[var(--accent)] transition-colors"
+                      style={{ color: "var(--ink)" }}
+                    >
+                      {p.title}
+                    </Link>
+                    <p
+                      className="mt-1.5 text-[13px] leading-relaxed line-clamp-3"
+                      style={{ color: "var(--ink-3)" }}
+                    >
+                      {excerpt(p.content) || "（无正文内容）"}
+                    </p>
+                    <div
+                      className="mt-3.5 flex items-center justify-between gap-3 flex-wrap pt-3"
+                      style={{ borderTop: "1px solid var(--line)" }}
+                    >
+                      <div className="flex items-center gap-2 min-w-0">
+                        <Avatar name={p.user.nickname || p.user.username} src={p.user.avatar || undefined} size={26} />
+                        <span className="text-[12.5px] font-semibold truncate" style={{ color: "var(--ink-2)" }}>
+                          {p.user.nickname}
+                        </span>
+                        <span className="meta text-[11.5px] truncate">@{p.user.username}</span>
+                      </div>
+                      <div className="flex items-center gap-2 shrink-0">
+                        <button
+                          type="button"
+                          disabled={busy}
+                          onClick={() => act(key, "posts", p.id, true, postsPage, posts.length)}
+                          className="btn btn-sm"
+                          style={{ background: "var(--ok-soft)", color: "var(--ok)" }}
+                        >
+                          {busy ? <Loader2 size={13} className="animate-spin" /> : <Check size={13} />}
+                          通过
+                        </button>
+                        <button
+                          type="button"
+                          disabled={busy}
+                          onClick={() => act(key, "posts", p.id, false, postsPage, posts.length)}
+                          className="btn btn-sm"
+                          style={{
+                            background: confirming ? "var(--danger)" : "var(--danger-soft)",
+                            color: confirming ? "var(--accent-on)" : "var(--danger)",
+                          }}
+                        >
+                          {confirming ? "确认拒绝?" : <><X size={13} /> 拒绝</>}
+                        </button>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                );
+              })}
+            </div>
+          )
+        ) : comments.length === 0 ? (
+          <EmptyQueue icon={<MessagesSquare size={22} />} text="暂无待审核评论" />
+        ) : (
+          <div className="panel overflow-hidden">
+            {comments.map((c, idx) => {
+              const key = `comments-${c.id}`;
+              const busy = actingKey === key;
+              const confirming = confirmKey === key;
+              return (
+                <div
+                  key={c.id}
+                  className="p-4 sm:p-5 flex items-start gap-3.5"
+                  style={idx === 0 ? undefined : { borderTop: "1px solid var(--line)" }}
+                >
+                  <Avatar name={c.user.nickname || c.user.username} src={c.user.avatar || undefined} size={34} />
+                  <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
+                    <div className="flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap">
+                      <span className="text-[13.5px] font-bold truncate" style={{ color: "var(--ink)" }}>
+                        {c.user.nickname}
+                      </span>
+                      <Link
+                        href={`/board/${c.board.id}`}
+                        className="chip"
+                        style={{ fontSize: 11 }}
+                      >
+                        {c.board.name}
+                      </Link>
+                      <span className="meta text-[11.5px]">{formatRelative(c.created_at)}</span>
+                    </div>
+                    <p
+                      className="mt-1.5 text-[13.5px] leading-relaxed rounded-xl px-3.5 py-2.5"
+                      style={{ background: "var(--panel-2)", color: "var(--ink-2)" }}
+                    >
+                      {c.content}
+                    </p>
+                    <Link
+                      href={`/post/${c.post_id}`}
+                      target="_blank"
+                      className="mt-1.5 block meta text-[12px] truncate hover:text-[var(--accent)] transition-colors"
+                    >
+                      所属帖子：《{c.post_title}》
+                    </Link>
+                    <div className="flex items-center gap-2 mt-3">
+                      <button
+                        type="button"
+                        disabled={busy}
+                        onClick={() => act(key, "comments", c.id, true, commentsPage, comments.length)}
+                        className="btn btn-sm"
+                        style={{ background: "var(--ok-soft)", color: "var(--ok)" }}
+                      >
+                        {busy ? <Loader2 size={13} className="animate-spin" /> : <Check size={13} />}
+                        通过
+                      </button>
+                      <button
+                        type="button"
+                        disabled={busy}
+                        onClick={() => act(key, "comments", c.id, false, commentsPage, comments.length)}
+                        className="btn btn-sm"
+                        style={{
+                          background: confirming ? "var(--danger)" : "var(--danger-soft)",
+                          color: confirming ? "var(--accent-on)" : "var(--danger)",
+                        }}
+                      >
+                        {confirming ? "确认拒绝?" : <><X size={13} /> 拒绝</>}
+                      </button>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              );
+            })}
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      {/* 分页 */}
+      {totalPages > 1 && (
+        <div
+          className="mt-4 flex items-center justify-between gap-2 panel px-4 sm:px-5 py-3"
+        >
+          <span className="meta text-[12px] tabular-nums" style={{ color: "var(--ink-3)" }}>
+            第 {tab === "posts" ? postsPage : commentsPage} / {totalPages} 页
+          </span>
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+            <button
+              type="button"
+              onClick={() => (tab === "posts" ? goPosts(postsPage - 1) : goComments(commentsPage - 1))}
+              disabled={(tab === "posts" ? postsPage : commentsPage) <= 1 || loading}
+              className="btn btn-line btn-sm"
+            >
+              <ChevronLeft size={14} /> 上一页
+            </button>
+            <button
+              type="button"
+              onClick={() => (tab === "posts" ? goPosts(postsPage + 1) : goComments(commentsPage + 1))}
+              disabled={(tab === "posts" ? postsPage : commentsPage) >= totalPages || loading}
+              className="btn btn-line btn-sm"
+            >
+              下一页 <ChevronRight size={14} />
+            </button>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+function EmptyQueue({ icon, text }: { icon: React.ReactNode; text: string }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="panel text-center py-16 px-6">
+      <span
+        className="inline-flex w-12 h-12 rounded-full items-center justify-center mb-3"
+        style={{ background: "var(--panel-2)", color: "var(--ink-3)" }}
+      >
+        {icon}
+      </span>
+      <p className="font-bold text-[14.5px]" style={{ color: "var(--ink)" }}>
+        {text}
+      </p>
+      <p className="meta mt-1.5 text-[12.5px]">新提交的内容会按时间顺序出现在这里</p>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
--- a/frontend/app/admin/moderation/page.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/admin/moderation/page.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import type { Metadata } from "next";
+import { cookies } from "next/headers";
+import { authCookieHeader } from "@/lib/cookies";
+import { fetchAdminPendingPosts, type Post } from "@/lib/api";
+import { getMeCached } from "@/lib/serverData";
+import { canModerateAny } from "@/lib/roles";
+import Forbidden from "../Forbidden";
+import ModerationAdmin from "./ModerationAdmin";
+
+export const metadata: Metadata = {
+  title: "内容审核",
+};
+
+// 鉴权由 app/admin/layout.tsx 统一承担（RequireStaff + 板块隔离由后端兜底）；
+// 帖子待审队列首屏 SSR 直出，评论队列由客户端进入时拉取
+export default async function ModerationPage() {
+  const cookie = authCookieHeader(await cookies());
+  const me = await getMeCached(cookie || undefined);
+
+  // 板块管理员及以上且（对板块管理员）拥有授权板块
+  if (!me.user || !canModerateAny(me.user)) {
+    return <Forbidden text="你所在的角色没有内容审核权限，或尚未被授权任何板块。" />;
+  }
+
+  let initialPosts: Post[] = [];
+  let initialTotal = 0;
+  let initError = "";
+  try {
+    const res = await fetchAdminPendingPosts(1, cookie || undefined);
+    initialPosts = res.posts;
+    initialTotal = res.total;
+  } catch (e) {
+    initError = e instanceof Error ? e.message : "获取待审核内容失败";
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <ModerationAdmin
+      initialPosts={initialPosts}
+      initialPostsTotal={initialTotal}
+      initError={initError}
+    />
+  );
+}
--- a/frontend/app/admin/page.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/admin/page.tsx
@@ -11,10 +11,12 @@ import {
  ChevronRight,
  UserPlus,
  LayoutGrid,
+  ClipboardCheck,
 } from "lucide-react";
 import { fetchOverview, type OverviewResponse } from "@/lib/api";
 import { authCookieHeader } from "@/lib/cookies";
 import { getMeCached } from "@/lib/serverData";
+import { canModerateAny, isAdminOrAbove, isSuperOrOwner } from "@/lib/roles";
 import Avatar from "@/components/Avatar";
 import { formatRelative } from "@/lib/format";

@@ -204,17 +206,20 @@ export default async function AdminDashboardPage() {
        />
      </div>

-      {/* 快捷入口 */}
+      {/* 快捷入口（按角色权限过滤，与侧边栏一致；后端路由另有守卫） */}
      <h2 className="sr-only">快捷管理</h2>
      <div className="grid sm:grid-cols-2 xl:grid-cols-3 gap-3 sm:gap-4 mt-4">
+        {canModerateAny(me.user) && (
          <QuickLink
-          href="/admin/users"
-          icon={<Users size={18} />}
-          title="用户管理"
-          desc="查看全站成员，授予管理员权限或封禁违规账号"
-          soft="var(--accent-soft)"
-          color="var(--accent)"
+            href="/admin/moderation"
+            icon={<ClipboardCheck size={18} />}
+            title="内容审核"
+            desc="审核普通用户提交的帖子与评论，通过后内容公开可见"
+            soft="var(--ok-soft)"
+            color="var(--ok)"
          />
+        )}
+        {isAdminOrAbove(me.user?.role) && (
          <QuickLink
            href="/admin/announcements"
            icon={<Megaphone size={18} />}
@@ -223,6 +228,18 @@ export default async function AdminDashboardPage() {
            soft="var(--clay-soft)"
            color="var(--clay)"
          />
+        )}
+        {isSuperOrOwner(me.user?.role) && (
+          <QuickLink
+            href="/admin/users"
+            icon={<Users size={18} />}
+            title="用户权限"
+            desc="查看全站成员，授予管理角色与板块授权，封禁违规账号"
+            soft="var(--accent-soft)"
+            color="var(--accent)"
+          />
+        )}
+        {isSuperOrOwner(me.user?.role) && (
          <QuickLink
            href="/admin/appearance"
            icon={<Palette size={18} />}
@@ -231,6 +248,7 @@ export default async function AdminDashboardPage() {
            soft="var(--gold-soft)"
            color="var(--gold)"
          />
+        )}
      </div>

      {/* 成员与板块 */}
--- a/frontend/app/admin/users/UsersAdmin.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/admin/users/UsersAdmin.tsx
--- a/frontend/app/admin/users/page.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/admin/users/page.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import { cookies } from "next/headers";
 import { authCookieHeader } from "@/lib/cookies";
 import { fetchAdminUsers, type AdminUsersResponse } from "@/lib/api";
 import { getMeCached } from "@/lib/serverData";
+import { isSuperOrOwner } from "@/lib/roles";
+import Forbidden from "../Forbidden";
 import UsersAdmin, { type UserFilter } from "./UsersAdmin";

 export const metadata: Metadata = {
@@ -13,9 +15,9 @@ interface UsersPageProps {
  searchParams: Promise<{ q?: string; filter?: string; page?: string }>;
 }

-// 筛选项映射为后端查询参数：管理员走 role，封禁走 status，其余不过滤
+// 筛选项映射为后端查询参数：管理团队走 role=staff，封禁走 status，其余不过滤
 function filterToQuery(filter: UserFilter): { role?: string; status?: string } {
-  if (filter === "admin") return { role: "admin" };
+  if (filter === "staff") return { role: "staff" };
  if (filter === "banned") return { status: "banned" };
  return {};
 }
@@ -24,12 +26,17 @@ function filterToQuery(filter: UserFilter): { role?: string; status?: string } {
 export default async function AdminUsersPage({ searchParams }: UsersPageProps) {
  const sp = await searchParams;
  const q = sp.q?.trim() || "";
-  const filter: UserFilter = sp.filter === "admin" || sp.filter === "banned" ? sp.filter : "all";
+  const filter: UserFilter = sp.filter === "staff" || sp.filter === "banned" ? sp.filter : "all";
  const page = Math.max(1, parseInt(sp.page || "1", 10) || 1);

  const cookie = authCookieHeader(await cookies());
  const me = await getMeCached(cookie || undefined);

+  // 仅超级管理员与站长可管理用户与角色
+  if (!me.user || !isSuperOrOwner(me.user.role)) {
+    return <Forbidden text="用户与角色权限仅超级管理员和站长可操作。" />;
+  }
+
  let initial: AdminUsersResponse | null = null;
  let initError = "";
  try {
@@ -44,6 +51,7 @@ export default async function AdminUsersPage({ searchParams }: UsersPageProps) {
      initError={initError}
      initialQuery={{ q, filter, page }}
      currentUserId={me.user?.id ?? 0}
+      currentUserRole={me.user?.role ?? ""}
    />
  );
 }
--- a/frontend/app/compose/page.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/compose/page.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { useRouter } from "next/navigation";
 import Link from "next/link";
 import { ChevronRight, PenSquare } from "lucide-react";
 import { apiCreatePost, apiMe, fetchBoards, type Board } from "@/lib/api";
+import { toast } from "@/lib/toast";

 export default function ComposePage() {
  const router = useRouter();
@@ -44,6 +45,10 @@ export default function ComposePage() {
        post_type: "normal",
      });
      if (res.post) {
+        // 普通用户发帖进入待审核队列：跳转详情页（作者可见）并提示
+        if (res.post.status === "pending") {
+          toast("已提交，等待审核通过后公开", "ok");
+        }
        router.push(`/post/${res.post.id}`);
      } else {
        setError(res.error || "发帖失败");
--- a/frontend/app/notifications/NotificationsClient.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/notifications/NotificationsClient.tsx
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import { useState } from "react";
 import { useRouter } from "next/navigation";
 import Link from "next/link";
-import { Heart, MessageCircle, CheckCheck, Bell } from "lucide-react";
+import { Heart, MessageCircle, CheckCheck, Bell, CheckCircle2, XCircle } from "lucide-react";
 import { apiMarkRead, apiMarkAllRead, type NotificationsResponse, type NotificationItem } from "@/lib/api";

 /**
@@ -65,7 +65,30 @@ export default function NotificationsClient({ initialData }: { initialData: Noti
        </div>
      ) : (
        <div className="panel overflow-hidden p-0">
-          {notifications.map((n, i) => (
+          {notifications.map((n, i) => {
+            const approval = n.type === "approved" || n.type === "rejected";
+            const iconNode = n.type === "approved"
+              ? <CheckCircle2 size={16} />
+              : n.type === "rejected"
+                ? <XCircle size={16} />
+                : n.type === "like"
+                  ? <Heart size={16} />
+                  : <MessageCircle size={16} />;
+            const iconColor = n.type === "approved"
+              ? "var(--ok)"
+              : n.type === "rejected"
+                ? "var(--danger)"
+                : n.type === "like"
+                  ? "var(--clay)"
+                  : "var(--accent)";
+            const iconBg = n.type === "approved"
+              ? "var(--ok-soft)"
+              : n.type === "rejected"
+                ? "var(--danger-soft)"
+                : n.type === "like"
+                  ? "var(--clay-soft)"
+                  : "var(--accent-soft)";
+            return (
            <button
              key={n.id}
              onClick={() => handleClick(n)}
@@ -78,16 +101,21 @@ export default function NotificationsClient({ initialData }: { initialData: Noti
            >
              <span
                className="w-10 h-10 shrink-0 rounded-full flex items-center justify-center"
-                style={{
-                  color: n.type === "like" ? "var(--clay)" : "var(--accent)",
-                  background:
-                    n.type === "like" ? "var(--clay-soft)" : "var(--accent-soft)",
-                }}
+                style={{ color: iconColor, background: iconBg }}
              >
-                {n.type === "like" ? <Heart size={16} /> : <MessageCircle size={16} />}
+                {iconNode}
              </span>
              <div className="flex-1 min-w-0">
                <p className="text-sm leading-snug" style={{ color: "var(--ink)" }}>
+                  {approval ? (
+                    <span
+                      className="font-bold"
+                      style={{ color: n.type === "approved" ? "var(--ok)" : "var(--danger)" }}
+                    >
+                      {n.type === "approved" ? "审核通过" : "未通过审核"}
+                    </span>
+                  ) : (
+                    <>
                      <Link
                        href={`/u/${n.actor.id}`}
                        onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
@@ -102,6 +130,8 @@ export default function NotificationsClient({ initialData }: { initialData: Noti
                            ? "回复了你的评论"
                            : "点赞了你的帖子"}
                      </span>
+                    </>
+                  )}
                </p>
                <p className="text-sm mt-1 truncate" style={{ color: "var(--ink-2)" }}>
                  《{n.post.title}》
@@ -117,7 +147,8 @@ export default function NotificationsClient({ initialData }: { initialData: Noti
                <span className="w-2.5 h-2.5 shrink-0 mt-2 rounded-full" style={{ background: "var(--clay)" }} />
              )}
            </button>
-          ))}
+            );
+          })}
        </div>
      )}
    </>
--- a/frontend/app/post/[id]/edit/page.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/post/[id]/edit/page.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { useRouter } from "next/navigation";
 import Link from "next/link";
 import { ChevronRight } from "lucide-react";
 import { fetchPostDetail, apiMe, apiUpdatePost, type Post, type User } from "@/lib/api";
+import { canModerateBoard } from "@/lib/roles";

 interface EditPageProps {
  params: Promise<{ id: string }>;
@@ -36,7 +37,10 @@ export default function EditPostPage({ params }: EditPageProps) {
        setTags(postData.post.tags || "");
        const u = meData.user;
        setUser(u || null);
-        if (!u || (u.id !== postData.post.user.id && u.role !== "admin")) {
+        if (
+          !u ||
+          (u.id !== postData.post.user.id && !canModerateBoard(u, postData.post.board_id))
+        ) {
          router.push(`/post/${id}`);
        }
      })
--- a/frontend/app/post/[id]/page.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/post/[id]/page.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type { Metadata } from "next";
 import Link from "next/link";
+import { notFound } from "next/navigation";
 import { cookies } from "next/headers";
 import ReactMarkdown from "react-markdown";
 import {
@@ -31,6 +32,8 @@ import ReadingProgress from "@/components/ReadingProgress";
 import PostToc, { type TocItem } from "@/components/PostToc";
 import MobilePostBar from "@/components/MobilePostBar";
 import Avatar from "@/components/Avatar";
+import RoleBadge from "@/components/RoleBadge";
+import { isStaff } from "@/lib/roles";
 import { IconComment, IconEye } from "@/components/Icons";

 interface PageProps {
@@ -42,7 +45,8 @@ interface PageProps {
 export async function generateMetadata({ params }: PageProps): Promise<Metadata> {
  const { id } = await params;
  try {
-    const { post } = await fetchPostDetail(id);
+    // 带登录态：作者/管理团队看待审帖时标签标题也应是真实标题而非"帖子不存在"
+    const { post } = await fetchPostDetail(id, authCookieHeader(await cookies()));
    return {
      title: post.title,
      description: post.content.slice(0, 160),
@@ -157,14 +161,7 @@ function AuthorRailCard({ profile }: { profile: UserProfile }) {
          >
            {u.nickname}
          </Link>
-          {u.role === "admin" && (
-            <span
-              className="chip mt-1.5"
-              style={{ background: "var(--accent-soft)", color: "var(--accent)" }}
-            >
-              管理员
-            </span>
-          )}
+          {u.role !== "user" && <RoleBadge role={u.role} boardIds={u.board_ids} />}
        </div>
      </div>
      <p className="meta mt-3">{formatYearMonth(u.created_at)} 加入</p>
@@ -295,13 +292,8 @@ function AuthorCardStacked({ profile }: { profile: UserProfile }) {
            >
              {profile.user.nickname}
            </Link>
-            {profile.user.role === "admin" && (
-              <span
-                className="chip"
-                style={{ background: "var(--accent-soft)", color: "var(--accent)", borderColor: "transparent" }}
-              >
-                管理员
-              </span>
+            {profile.user.role !== "user" && (
+              <RoleBadge role={profile.user.role} boardIds={profile.user.board_ids} />
            )}
          </div>
          <p className="meta mt-1">
@@ -322,11 +314,17 @@ export default async function PostDetailPage({ params, searchParams }: PageProps
  const sp = await searchParams;
  const commentPage = Math.max(1, parseInt(sp.page || "1", 10) || 1);
  const cookie = authCookieHeader(await cookies());
-  const { post } = await fetchPostDetail(id, cookie);
+  // 待审/被拒帖子对无权访问者由后端返回 404，这里落到全局 not-found 页而非 500
+  let post: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof fetchPostDetail>>["post"];
+  try {
+    ({ post } = await fetchPostDetail(id, cookie));
+  } catch {
+    notFound();
+  }

  // 评论 / 当前用户 / 作者资料 / 同板块热议并行拉取；侧栏数据失败一律静默降级，不阻塞正文
  const [commentsData, me, profile, relatedData] = await Promise.all([
-    fetchComments(id, commentPage),
+    fetchComments(id, commentPage, cookie),
    getMeCached(cookie || undefined),
    fetchUserProfile(String(post.user.id), 1, cookie).catch(() => null),
    fetchPosts(1, 8, post.board_id, "hot", "", false, cookie).catch(() => null),
@@ -340,6 +338,10 @@ export default async function PostDetailPage({ params, searchParams }: PageProps
  const edited =
    new Date(post.updated_at).getTime() - new Date(post.created_at).getTime() > 60_000;

+  // 非公开帖（待审/未通过）仅作者本人与管理团队可看，顶部给出醒目状态
+  const isPublished = post.status === "published";
+  const canSeeStatus = !!me.user && (me.user.id === post.user.id || isStaff(me.user.role));
+
  const jsonLd = {
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@type": "DiscussionForumPosting",
@@ -409,6 +411,22 @@ export default async function PostDetailPage({ params, searchParams }: PageProps
                <div className="flex items-center gap-2 mb-4 flex-wrap">
                  {post.pinned > 0 && <span className="badge-pin">置顶</span>}
                  {post.recommended && <span className="badge-rec">推荐</span>}
+                  {!isPublished && canSeeStatus && post.status === "pending" && (
+                    <span
+                      className="inline-flex items-center gap-1 rounded-full px-2.5 py-0.5 text-[11.5px] font-bold"
+                      style={{ background: "var(--gold-soft)", color: "var(--gold)" }}
+                    >
+                      等待审核
+                    </span>
+                  )}
+                  {!isPublished && canSeeStatus && post.status === "rejected" && (
+                    <span
+                      className="inline-flex items-center gap-1 rounded-full px-2.5 py-0.5 text-[11.5px] font-bold"
+                      style={{ background: "var(--danger-soft)", color: "var(--danger)" }}
+                    >
+                      未通过审核
+                    </span>
+                  )}
                  <Link href={`/board/${post.board.id}`} className="chip">
                    {post.board.name}
                  </Link>
@@ -435,7 +453,7 @@ export default async function PostDetailPage({ params, searchParams }: PageProps
                    </Link>
                  </div>
                  {/* 管理操作已收进单个下拉按钮；普通读者此处不渲染内容 */}
-                  <PostActions postId={id} authorId={post.user.id} pinned={post.pinned} recommended={post.recommended} />
+                  <PostActions postId={id} authorId={post.user.id} boardId={post.board_id} pinned={post.pinned} recommended={post.recommended} />
                </div>

                {/* 元信息条：阅读数据居左、发布/更新时间居右（窄屏自动折行）；
@@ -496,8 +514,11 @@ export default async function PostDetailPage({ params, searchParams }: PageProps
              </div>
            )}

+            {/* 非公开帖不开放评论（后端同样拒绝），给出状态提示 */}
+            {isPublished ? (
              <CommentSection
                postId={id}
+                boardId={post.board_id}
                comments={comments}
                total={commentsData.total}
                totalComments={commentsData.total_comments}
@@ -505,6 +526,20 @@ export default async function PostDetailPage({ params, searchParams }: PageProps
                size={commentsData.size}
                user={me.user}
              />
+            ) : (
+              <section className="panel p-6 sm:p-8 mt-6 text-center" aria-label="评论区">
+                <p className="text-[14px] font-bold" style={{ color: "var(--ink-2)" }}>
+                  {post.status === "pending" ? "帖子审核通过后开放评论" : "帖子未通过审核，评论已关闭"}
+                </p>
+                <p className="meta mt-1.5 text-[12.5px]">
+                  {me.user?.id === post.user.id
+                    ? post.status === "pending"
+                      ? "你的帖子正在等待管理员审核，请留意通知"
+                      : "如有疑问可联系管理团队"
+                    : "审核通过后评论区将自动开放"}
+                </p>
+              </section>
+            )}

            {/* 窄屏相关讨论（lg 起由右栏承载） */}
            <div className="lg:hidden mt-6">
--- a/frontend/app/u/[id]/page.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/u/[id]/page.tsx
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ import UserProfileContent from "./UserProfileContent";
 import ProfileForm from "./ProfileForm";
 import PasswordForm from "./PasswordForm";
 import Avatar from "@/components/Avatar";
+import RoleBadge from "@/components/RoleBadge";
+import { roleMeta } from "@/lib/roles";

 interface UserPageProps {
  params: Promise<{ id: string }>;
@@ -84,7 +86,6 @@ export default async function UserPage({ params, searchParams }: UserPageProps)
  }

  const u = data.user;
-  const isAdmin = u.role === "admin";
  const joinDate = new Date(u.created_at).toLocaleDateString("zh-CN");
  const showPoints = data.stats.points > 0;

@@ -176,13 +177,8 @@ export default async function UserPage({ params, searchParams }: UserPageProps)
                >
                  {u.nickname || u.username}
                </h1>
-                {isAdmin && (
-                  <span
-                    className="text-[11px] font-bold px-2 py-0.5 rounded-full"
-                    style={{ background: "var(--gold-soft)", color: "var(--gold)" }}
-                  >
-                    管理员
-                  </span>
+                {u.role !== "user" && (
+                  <RoleBadge role={u.role} boardIds={u.board_ids} />
                )}
              </div>
              <p className="meta mt-1 flex items-center gap-1.5 text-[12.5px] flex-wrap">
@@ -342,7 +338,7 @@ export default async function UserPage({ params, searchParams }: UserPageProps)
                  <Shield size={11.5} /> 角色
                </p>
                <p className="text-[13px] font-semibold mt-0.5" style={{ color: "var(--ink)" }}>
-                  {isAdmin ? "管理员" : "普通用户"}
+                  {roleMeta(u.role).label}
                </p>
              </div>
              <div className="pt-3 border-t" style={{ borderColor: "var(--line)" }}>
--- a/frontend/components/CommentSection.tsx
+++ b/frontend/components/CommentSection.tsx
@@ -6,12 +6,15 @@ import Link from "next/link";
 import { Trash2, MessagesSquare, ChevronRight, ChevronDown } from "lucide-react";
 import ReactMarkdown from "react-markdown";
 import { apiCreateComment, apiDeleteComment, type CommentNode, type User } from "@/lib/api";
+import { canModerateBoard } from "@/lib/roles";
 import { toast } from "@/lib/toast";
 import Avatar from "./Avatar";
 import Pagination from "./Pagination";

 interface CommentSectionProps {
  postId: string;
+  /** 帖子所属板块：板块管理员仅可管理授权板块的评论 */
+  boardId: number;
  comments: CommentNode[];
  total: number; // 楼层数（主评论数）→ 分页与楼层号计算
  totalComments: number; // 全部评论数（含回复）→ 头部徽标
@@ -31,6 +34,7 @@ function countReplies(node: CommentNode): number {

 export default function CommentSection({
  postId,
+  boardId,
  comments,
  total,
  totalComments,
@@ -58,8 +62,12 @@ export default function CommentSection({
      const res = await apiCreateComment(postId, content);
      if (res.comment) {
        setContent("");
+        if (res.comment.status === "pending") {
+          toast("已提交，等待审核通过后公开");
+        } else {
          // 新楼层在最后一页：刷新后由服务端直出最新分页
          router.refresh();
+        }
      } else if (res.error === "未登录") {
        router.push(`/login?redirect=${encodeURIComponent(`/post/${postId}`)}`);
      } else {
@@ -81,8 +89,12 @@ export default function CommentSection({
      if (res.comment) {
        setReplyTarget(null);
        setReplyContent("");
+        if (res.comment.status === "pending") {
+          toast("已提交，等待审核通过后公开");
+        } else {
          // 刷新后由 SSR 直出新树（子评论全量挂在本楼）
          router.refresh();
+        }
      } else if (res.error === "未登录") {
        router.push(`/login?redirect=${encodeURIComponent(`/post/${postId}`)}`);
      } else {
@@ -122,7 +134,7 @@ export default function CommentSection({
  // 引用功能已移除：与"回复"功能重叠，且会割裂讨论上下文（抖音风格无此功能）

  const canDelete = (comment: CommentNode) =>
-    user && (user.id === comment.user.id || user.role === "admin");
+    !!user && (user.id === comment.user.id || canModerateBoard(user, boardId));

  const openReply = (c: CommentNode) => {
    setReplyTarget({ id: c.id, nickname: c.user.nickname || c.user.username });
--- a/frontend/components/Header.tsx
+++ b/frontend/components/Header.tsx
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import {
 } from "lucide-react";
 import { apiLogout, apiMe, type User } from "@/lib/api";
 import { hasAuthCookieHint } from "@/lib/cookies";
+import { isStaff } from "@/lib/roles";
 import { onUserUpdate, onForceLogout } from "@/lib/userEvents";
 import NotificationBell from "./NotificationBell";
 import Avatar from "./Avatar";
@@ -294,7 +295,7 @@ export default function Header({
              </MobileLink>
            )}
            {user && <MobileLink href="/settings">账号设置</MobileLink>}
-            {user?.role === "admin" && (
+            {user && isStaff(user.role) && (
              <MobileLink href="/admin">
                <span className="inline-flex items-center gap-2"><ShieldCheck size={15} /> 管理面板</span>
              </MobileLink>
@@ -456,7 +457,7 @@ function UserMenu({ user, onLogout }: { user: User; onLogout: () => void }) {
              <Settings size={15} style={{ color: "var(--ink-3)" }} /> 账号设置
            </Link>
          </div>
-          {user.role === "admin" && (
+          {isStaff(user.role) && (
            <div className="p-1.5" style={{ borderTop: "1px solid var(--line)" }}>
              <Link href="/admin" onClick={() => setOpen(false)} className={itemCls} role="menuitem">
                <ShieldCheck size={15} style={{ color: "var(--accent)" }} /> 管理面板
--- a/frontend/components/NotificationBell.tsx
+++ b/frontend/components/NotificationBell.tsx
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import { useState, useEffect, useRef } from "react";
 import { useRouter } from "next/navigation";
 import Link from "next/link";
-import { Bell, CheckCheck, Heart, MessageCircle } from "lucide-react";
+import { Bell, CheckCheck, Heart, MessageCircle, CheckCircle2, XCircle } from "lucide-react";
 import {
  apiFetchNotifications,
  apiUnreadCount,
@@ -107,9 +107,23 @@ export default function NotificationBell({ initialUnread = 0 }: { initialUnread?
  const actionText = (n: NotificationItem) => {
    if (n.type === "comment") return "评论了你的帖子";
    if (n.type === "reply") return "回复了你的评论";
+    if (n.type === "approved") return "审核通过";
+    if (n.type === "rejected") return "未通过审核";
    return "点赞了你的帖子";
  };

+  // 审核结果类通知：无互动对象语义，使用专用图标与语义色
+  const isApproval = (n: NotificationItem) => n.type === "approved" || n.type === "rejected";
+  const iconStyle = (n: NotificationItem): { color: string; bg: string; node: React.ReactNode } => {
+    if (n.type === "approved")
+      return { color: "var(--ok)", bg: "var(--ok-soft)", node: <CheckCircle2 size={15} /> };
+    if (n.type === "rejected")
+      return { color: "var(--danger)", bg: "var(--danger-soft)", node: <XCircle size={15} /> };
+    if (n.type === "like")
+      return { color: "var(--clay)", bg: "var(--clay-soft)", node: <Heart size={15} /> };
+    return { color: "var(--accent)", bg: "var(--accent-soft)", node: <MessageCircle size={15} /> };
+  };
+
  return (
    <div className="relative" ref={dropdownRef}>
      <button
@@ -171,7 +185,10 @@ export default function NotificationBell({ initialUnread = 0 }: { initialUnread?
                <p className="meta">还没有通知</p>
              </div>
            ) : (
-              notifications.map((n) => (
+              notifications.map((n) => {
+                const ic = iconStyle(n);
+                const approval = isApproval(n);
+                return (
                <button
                  key={n.id}
                  onClick={() => handleClickNotification(n)}
@@ -184,18 +201,25 @@ export default function NotificationBell({ initialUnread = 0 }: { initialUnread?
                >
                  <span
                    className="w-9 h-9 shrink-0 rounded-full flex items-center justify-center"
-                    style={{
-                      color: n.type === "like" ? "var(--clay)" : "var(--accent)",
-                      background:
-                        n.type === "like" ? "var(--clay-soft)" : "var(--accent-soft)",
-                    }}
+                    style={{ color: ic.color, background: ic.bg }}
                  >
-                    {n.type === "like" ? <Heart size={15} /> : <MessageCircle size={15} />}
+                    {ic.node}
                  </span>
                  <div className="flex-1 min-w-0">
                    <p className="text-sm leading-snug" style={{ color: "var(--ink)" }}>
+                      {approval ? (
+                        <span
+                          className="font-bold"
+                          style={{ color: n.type === "approved" ? "var(--ok)" : "var(--danger)" }}
+                        >
+                          {actionText(n)}
+                        </span>
+                      ) : (
+                        <>
                          <span className="font-medium">{n.actor.nickname}</span>{" "}
                          <span className="meta">{actionText(n)}</span>
+                        </>
+                      )}
                    </p>
                    <p className="text-xs mt-1 truncate" style={{ color: "var(--ink-2)" }}>
                      《{n.post.title}》
@@ -214,7 +238,8 @@ export default function NotificationBell({ initialUnread = 0 }: { initialUnread?
                    />
                  )}
                </button>
-              ))
+                );
+              })
            )}
          </div>

--- a/frontend/components/PostActions.tsx
+++ b/frontend/components/PostActions.tsx
@@ -3,18 +3,20 @@
 import { useState, useEffect, useRef } from "react";
 import { useRouter } from "next/navigation";
 import Link from "next/link";
-import { Pencil, Trash2, Pin, Star, SlidersHorizontal, ChevronDown, Check } from "lucide-react";
+import { Pencil, Trash2, Pin, Star, SlidersHorizontal, ChevronDown, Check, Loader2, X } from "lucide-react";
 import { apiMe, apiDeletePost, apiTogglePin, apiToggleRecommend, type User } from "@/lib/api";
+import { canModerateBoard, isAdminOrAbove } from "@/lib/roles";
 import { toast } from "@/lib/toast";

 interface PostActionsProps {
  postId: string;
  authorId: number;
+  boardId: number;
  pinned: number;
  recommended: boolean;
 }

-export default function PostActions({ postId, authorId, pinned, recommended }: PostActionsProps) {
+export default function PostActions({ postId, authorId, boardId, pinned, recommended }: PostActionsProps) {
  const router = useRouter();
  const [user, setUser] = useState<User | null>(null);
  const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
@@ -22,6 +24,7 @@ export default function PostActions({ postId, authorId, pinned, recommended }: P
  const [isPinned, setIsPinned] = useState(pinned > 0);
  const [isRecommended, setIsRecommended] = useState(recommended);
  const [acting, setActing] = useState(false);
+  const [confirmDelete, setConfirmDelete] = useState(false);
  const menuRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);

  useEffect(() => {
@@ -47,16 +50,16 @@ export default function PostActions({ postId, authorId, pinned, recommended }: P
    };
  }, [open]);

-  const canManage = user && (user.id === authorId || user.role === "admin");
-  const isAdmin = user?.role === "admin";
+  // 作者本人或有该板块审核权的管理团队可管理；置顶/加精仅管理员及以上
+  const canManage = !!user && (user.id === authorId || canModerateBoard(user, boardId));
+  const isAdmin = !!user && isAdminOrAbove(user.role);

  const handleDelete = async () => {
-    setOpen(false);
-    if (!confirm("确定要删除这篇帖子吗？此操作不可恢复。")) return;
    setDeleting(true);
    try {
      const res = await apiDeletePost(postId);
      if (res.message) {
+        setConfirmDelete(false);
        router.push("/");
        toast("帖子已删除", "ok");
      } else {
@@ -172,7 +175,10 @@ export default function PostActions({ postId, authorId, pinned, recommended }: P
          <button
            type="button"
            role="menuitem"
-            onClick={handleDelete}
+            onClick={() => {
+              setOpen(false);
+              setConfirmDelete(true);
+            }}
            disabled={deleting}
            className={`${itemCls} items-center`}
            style={{ color: "var(--danger)" }}
@@ -182,6 +188,59 @@ export default function PostActions({ postId, authorId, pinned, recommended }: P
          </button>
        </div>
      )}
+
+      {confirmDelete && (
+        <div
+          className="fixed inset-0 z-[1000] flex items-center justify-center p-4"
+          style={{ background: "color-mix(in srgb, var(--ink) 55%, transparent)" }}
+          onClick={() => !deleting && setConfirmDelete(false)}
+        >
+          <div
+            className="j13-toast-in panel w-full max-w-[400px] rounded-2xl p-6"
+            style={{ boxShadow: "var(--shadow-lg)" }}
+            onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
+            role="dialog"
+            aria-modal="true"
+          >
+            <div className="flex items-start gap-4">
+              <span
+                className="w-12 h-12 rounded-full flex items-center justify-center shrink-0"
+                style={{ background: "var(--danger-soft)", color: "var(--danger)" }}
+                aria-hidden="true"
+              >
+                <Trash2 size={22} />
+              </span>
+              <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
+                <h3 className="text-[16px] font-extrabold tracking-tight" style={{ color: "var(--ink)" }}>
+                  删除帖子
+                </h3>
+                <p className="meta mt-1.5 text-[13px] leading-relaxed">
+                  确定要删除这篇帖子吗？此操作不可恢复。
+                </p>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+            <div className="flex items-center justify-end gap-2 mt-5">
+              <button
+                type="button"
+                className="btn btn-line"
+                onClick={() => setConfirmDelete(false)}
+                disabled={deleting}
+              >
+                <X size={14} /> 取消
+              </button>
+              <button
+                type="button"
+                className="btn btn-danger"
+                onClick={handleDelete}
+                disabled={deleting}
+              >
+                {deleting && <Loader2 size={15} className="animate-spin" />}
+                确认删除
+              </button>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      )}
    </div>
  );
 }
--- a/frontend/components/RoleBadge.tsx
+++ b/frontend/components/RoleBadge.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+"use client";
+
+import { Crown, BadgeCheck, ShieldCheck, Shield, Users, type LucideIcon } from "lucide-react";
+import { roleMeta, type RoleIconKey } from "@/lib/roles";
+
+// 角色图标集中映射（图标库不含 ShieldStar，超管使用 BadgeCheck 表达"全权限认证"）
+const ICONS: Record<RoleIconKey, LucideIcon> = {
+  crown: Crown,
+  "shield-star": BadgeCheck,
+  shield: ShieldCheck,
+  "shield-board": Shield,
+  user: Users,
+};
+
+/**
+ * 角色徽章：图标 + 文案，配色走角色元数据中的 CSS token。
+ * - board_admin 额外展示授权板块数（或板块名）
+ * - variant=plain 时仅图标+文字不着底色（用于表头/文本行）
+ */
+export default function RoleBadge({
+  role,
+  boardIds,
+  boardNames,
+  size = 11,
+  className = "",
+  title,
+  truncate = false,
+}: {
+  role?: string | null;
+  boardIds?: number[] | null;
+  /** id -> 名称映射；提供时板块管理员展示板块名（多选时折叠为 N 个板块） */
+  boardNames?: Map<number, string> | Record<number, string>;
+  size?: number;
+  className?: string;
+  title?: string;
+  /** 窄列场景：限制最大宽度并省略过长文案 */
+  truncate?: boolean;
+}) {
+  const meta = roleMeta(role);
+  const Icon = ICONS[meta.icon];
+
+  let label = meta.label;
+  if (role === "board_admin") {
+    if (boardNames) {
+      const names = (boardIds ?? [])
+        .map((id) => (boardNames instanceof Map ? boardNames.get(id) : boardNames[id]))
+        .filter(Boolean) as string[];
+      if (names.length === 1) {
+        label = `${meta.label} · ${names[0]}`;
+      } else if (names.length > 1) {
+        label = `${meta.label} · ${names.length} 个板块`;
+      }
+    } else if (boardIds && boardIds.length > 0) {
+      label = `${meta.label} · ${boardIds.length} 个板块`;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <span
+      className={`inline-flex items-center gap-1 rounded-full px-2 py-0.5 text-[11px] font-bold leading-[1.6] ${
+        truncate ? "max-w-full whitespace-nowrap" : "whitespace-nowrap"
+      } ${className}`}
+      style={{ background: `var(${meta.softToken})`, color: `var(${meta.colorToken})` }}
+      title={title ?? label}
+    >
+      <Icon size={size} className="shrink-0" />
+      {truncate ? <span className="overflow-hidden text-ellipsis">{label}</span> : label}
+    </span>
+  );
+}
--- a/frontend/lib/api.ts
+++ b/frontend/lib/api.ts
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ export interface User {
  nickname: string;
  avatar: string;
  role: string;
+  // 板块管理员被授权的板块（仅 /api/me 返回；前端据此渲染审核入口/按钮）
+  board_ids?: number[];
  // 仅 /api/me 与 /api/profile 响应中返回（用户自身敏感信息）
  email?: string;
  signature?: string;
@@ -215,6 +217,7 @@ export interface UserProfile {
    avatar: string;
    signature: string;
    role: string;
+    board_ids?: number[];
    created_at: string;
  };
  stats: {
@@ -248,7 +251,7 @@ export interface NotificationItem {
  id: number;
  user_id: number;
  actor_id: number;
-  type: "comment" | "reply" | "like";
+  type: "comment" | "reply" | "like" | "approved" | "rejected";
  post_id: number;
  comment_id: number;
  content: string;
@@ -411,9 +414,16 @@ export async function fetchPostDetail(id: string, cookieHeader?: string): Promis
  return res.json();
 }

-export async function fetchComments(postId: string, page = 1): Promise<CommentsResponse> {
+export async function fetchComments(
+  postId: string,
+  page = 1,
+  cookieHeader?: string
+): Promise<CommentsResponse> {
  const params = new URLSearchParams({ page: String(page), size: "20" });
-  const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/api/posts/${postId}/comments?${params}`, ssrInit());
+  const res = await fetch(
+    `${API_BASE}/api/posts/${postId}/comments?${params}`,
+    ssrInit(cookieHeaders(cookieHeader))
+  );
  if (!res.ok) throw new Error("获取评论失败");
  return res.json();
 }
@@ -784,7 +794,7 @@ export async function apiAdminDeleteAnnouncement(id: number): Promise<void> {

 // ===== 用户管理（管理员） =====

-// 后台用户列表项：email/最近活跃仅管理员接口返回
+// 后台用户列表项：email/最近活跃/登录 IP 仅管理员接口返回
 export interface AdminUser {
  id: number;
  username: string;
@@ -792,12 +802,33 @@ export interface AdminUser {
  email: string;
  avatar: string;
  signature: string;
-  role: "user" | "admin" | string;
+  role: string; // user | board_admin | admin | super_admin | owner
+  board_ids: number[]; // 板块管理员的授权板块
  banned: boolean;
  post_count: number;
  comment_count: number;
  created_at: string;
  last_seen_at: string | null;
+  online: boolean; // last_seen_at 在 5 分钟内
+  last_login_ip: string;
+  last_login_at: string | null;
+}
+
+// 登录历史记录
+export interface LoginLog {
+  id: number;
+  user_id: number;
+  username: string;
+  ip: string;
+  user_agent: string;
+  success: boolean;
+  created_at: string;
+}
+
+export interface LoginLogsResponse {
+  logs: LoginLog[];
+  total: number;
+  page: number;
 }

 export interface AdminUserSummary {
@@ -846,6 +877,19 @@ export async function fetchAdminUsers(
  return res.json();
 }

+// SSR 待审核帖子首页（转发管理团队 cookie 直连后端）；权限不足时抛错由页面层处理
+export async function fetchAdminPendingPosts(
+  page = 1,
+  cookieHeader?: string
+): Promise<{ posts: Post[]; total: number; page: number }> {
+  const res = await fetch(
+    `${API_BASE}/api/admin/moderation/pending-posts?page=${page}`,
+    ssrInit(cookieHeaders(cookieHeader))
+  );
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error("获取待审核帖子失败");
+  return res.json();
+}
+
 // 客户端后台用户列表（走 rewrite，携带 cookie + CSRF）
 export async function apiAdminListUsers(query: AdminUsersQuery = {}): Promise<AdminUsersResponse> {
  const res = await fetchWithRefresh(`/api/admin/users?${adminUsersParams(query)}`, {
@@ -856,21 +900,37 @@ export async function apiAdminListUsers(query: AdminUsersQuery = {}): Promise<Ad
  return data as AdminUsersResponse;
 }

-// 变更用户角色：role 仅接受 "user" | "admin"
+// 变更用户管理角色与板块授权：
+// role 接受 user/board_admin/admin/super_admin（owner 不可授予）；
+// board_admin 必须携带至少一个 board_ids
 export async function apiAdminSetUserRole(
  id: number,
-  role: "user" | "admin"
+  role: string,
+  boardIds?: number[]
 ): Promise<{ user: AdminUser }> {
  const res = await fetchWithRefresh(`/api/admin/users/${id}/role`, {
    method: "PUT",
    headers: clientHeaders({ "Content-Type": "application/json" }),
-    body: JSON.stringify({ role }),
+    body: JSON.stringify({ role, board_ids: boardIds ?? [] }),
  });
  const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(data.error || "角色更新失败");
  return data as { user: AdminUser };
 }

+// 某用户的登录历史（IP/UA/成败）
+export async function apiAdminUserLoginLogs(
+  id: number,
+  page = 1
+): Promise<LoginLogsResponse> {
+  const res = await fetchWithRefresh(`/api/admin/users/${id}/login-logs?page=${page}`, {
+    headers: clientHeaders(),
+  });
+  const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(data.error || "获取登录历史失败");
+  return data as LoginLogsResponse;
+}
+
 // 封禁 / 解封用户
 export async function apiAdminSetUserBan(
  id: number,
@@ -905,3 +965,80 @@ export async function apiUpdateSiteSettings(accent: string): Promise<PublicSetti
  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(data.error || "保存设置失败");
  return { accent: data.accent ?? "" };
 }
+
+// ===== 板块（客户端，供角色授权弹窗勾选） =====
+
+export async function apiListBoards(): Promise<{ boards: Board[] }> {
+  const res = await fetchWithRefresh("/api/boards", { headers: clientHeaders() });
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error("获取板块失败");
+  return res.json();
+}
+
+// ===== 内容审核队列 =====
+
+export interface PendingCommentItem {
+  id: number;
+  post_id: number;
+  post_title: string;
+  board_id: number;
+  board: Board;
+  content: string;
+  created_at: string;
+  user: User;
+}
+
+export interface PendingCounts {
+  posts: number;
+  comments: number;
+}
+
+export async function apiAdminPendingPosts(page = 1): Promise<{
+  posts: Post[];
+  total: number;
+  page: number;
+}> {
+  const res = await fetchWithRefresh(`/api/admin/moderation/pending-posts?page=${page}`, {
+    headers: clientHeaders(),
+  });
+  const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(data.error || "获取待审帖子失败");
+  return data;
+}
+
+export async function apiAdminPendingComments(page = 1): Promise<{
+  comments: PendingCommentItem[];
+  total: number;
+  page: number;
+}> {
+  const res = await fetchWithRefresh(`/api/admin/moderation/pending-comments?page=${page}`, {
+    headers: clientHeaders(),
+  });
+  const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(data.error || "获取待审评论失败");
+  return data;
+}
+
+export async function apiAdminPendingCounts(): Promise<PendingCounts> {
+  const res = await fetchWithRefresh("/api/admin/moderation/counts", {
+    headers: clientHeaders(),
+  });
+  if (!res.ok) return { posts: 0, comments: 0 };
+  return res.json();
+}
+
+async function moderationAction(url: string): Promise<void> {
+  const res = await fetchWithRefresh(url, { method: "PUT", headers: clientHeaders() });
+  if (!res.ok) {
+    const data = await res.json().catch(() => ({}));
+    throw new Error(data.error || "操作失败");
+  }
+}
+
+export const apiAdminApprovePost = (id: number) =>
+  moderationAction(`/api/admin/moderation/posts/${id}/approve`);
+export const apiAdminRejectPost = (id: number) =>
+  moderationAction(`/api/admin/moderation/posts/${id}/reject`);
+export const apiAdminApproveComment = (id: number) =>
+  moderationAction(`/api/admin/moderation/comments/${id}/approve`);
+export const apiAdminRejectComment = (id: number) =>
+  moderationAction(`/api/admin/moderation/comments/${id}/reject`);
--- a/frontend/lib/roles.ts
+++ b/frontend/lib/roles.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+// 角色与权限中枢：与后端 model.Role / service.Actor 保持单一对应关系。
+// 前端只做"是否展示入口/按钮"的判定，所有最终权限以后端校验为准。
+
+export const ROLES = {
+  USER: "user",
+  BOARD_ADMIN: "board_admin",
+  ADMIN: "admin",
+  SUPER_ADMIN: "super_admin",
+  OWNER: "owner",
+} as const;
+
+export type RoleKey = (typeof ROLES)[keyof typeof ROLES];
+
+// 角色等级（与后端 model.RoleLevel 一致），未知角色按普通用户处理
+export const ROLE_LEVEL: Record<string, number> = {
+  [ROLES.USER]: 0,
+  [ROLES.BOARD_ADMIN]: 30,
+  [ROLES.ADMIN]: 50,
+  [ROLES.SUPER_ADMIN]: 80,
+  [ROLES.OWNER]: 100,
+};
+
+export function roleLevel(role?: string | null): number {
+  return ROLE_LEVEL[role ?? ""] ?? 0;
+}
+
+/** 管理团队成员（板块管理员及以上） */
+export function isStaff(role?: string | null): boolean {
+  return roleLevel(role) >= ROLE_LEVEL[ROLES.BOARD_ADMIN];
+}
+
+/** 管理员及以上（全站内容管理：置顶/加精/公告） */
+export function isAdminOrAbove(role?: string | null): boolean {
+  return roleLevel(role) >= ROLE_LEVEL[ROLES.ADMIN];
+}
+
+/** 超级管理员及以上（用户与权限、站点设置） */
+export function isSuperOrOwner(role?: string | null): boolean {
+  return roleLevel(role) >= ROLE_LEVEL[ROLES.SUPER_ADMIN];
+}
+
+/** 站长（唯一，不可被操作） */
+export function isOwner(role?: string | null): boolean {
+  return role === ROLES.OWNER;
+}
+
+/** 携带板块授权的最小用户形状（/me、帖子详情作者等均满足） */
+export interface RoleUserLike {
+  role?: string | null;
+  board_ids?: number[] | null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 能否管理指定板块的内容（帖子/评论的编辑删除审核）：
+ * 管理员及以上不限板块；板块管理员仅限被授权板块
+ */
+export function canModerateBoard(
+  user: RoleUserLike | null | undefined,
+  boardId: number | null | undefined
+): boolean {
+  if (!user) return false;
+  if (isAdminOrAbove(user.role)) return true;
+  if (user.role !== ROLES.BOARD_ADMIN || !boardId) return false;
+  return (user.board_ids ?? []).includes(boardId);
+}
+
+/** 是否拥有任意板块的内容审核权（后台"内容审核"入口） */
+export function canModerateAny(user: RoleUserLike | null | undefined): boolean {
+  if (!user) return false;
+  if (isAdminOrAbove(user.role)) return true;
+  return user.role === ROLES.BOARD_ADMIN && (user.board_ids?.length ?? 0) > 0;
+}
+
+/** 角色图标 key（RoleBadge 负责映射到具体图标，集中配置便于替换） */
+export type RoleIconKey = "crown" | "shield-star" | "shield" | "shield-board" | "user";
+
+export interface RoleMeta {
+  key: RoleKey;
+  label: string;
+  icon: RoleIconKey;
+  /** 主色使用的 CSS token 名（RoleBadge 取 var(--token)） */
+  colorToken: string;
+  softToken: string;
+}
+
+// 各管理角色的图标与配色集中配置；站长固定使用皇冠站长标识
+export const ROLE_META: Record<RoleKey, RoleMeta> = {
+  [ROLES.OWNER]: {
+    key: ROLES.OWNER,
+    label: "站长",
+    icon: "crown",
+    colorToken: "--gold",
+    softToken: "--gold-soft",
+  },
+  [ROLES.SUPER_ADMIN]: {
+    key: ROLES.SUPER_ADMIN,
+    label: "超级管理员",
+    icon: "shield-star",
+    colorToken: "--accent",
+    softToken: "--accent-soft",
+  },
+  [ROLES.ADMIN]: {
+    key: ROLES.ADMIN,
+    label: "管理员",
+    icon: "shield",
+    colorToken: "--accent",
+    softToken: "--accent-soft",
+  },
+  [ROLES.BOARD_ADMIN]: {
+    key: ROLES.BOARD_ADMIN,
+    label: "板块管理员",
+    icon: "shield-board",
+    colorToken: "--accent",
+    softToken: "--accent-soft",
+  },
+  [ROLES.USER]: {
+    key: ROLES.USER,
+    label: "普通用户",
+    icon: "user",
+    colorToken: "--ink-3",
+    softToken: "--panel-2",
+  },
+};
+
+export function roleMeta(role?: string | null): RoleMeta {
+  return ROLE_META[(role as RoleKey)] ?? ROLE_META.user;
+}
--- a/frontend/next-env.d.ts
+++ b/frontend/next-env.d.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /// <reference types="next" />
 /// <reference types="next/image-types/global" />
-import "./.next/dev/types/routes.d.ts";
-import "./.next/dev/types/root-params.d.ts";
+import "./.next/types/routes.d.ts";
+import "./.next/types/root-params.d.ts";

 // NOTE: This file should not be edited
 // see https://nextjs.org/docs/app/api-reference/config/typescript for more information.