diff --git a/backend/handler/auth.go b/backend/handler/auth.go
index 15ef5eb..eaf5e5e 100644
--- a/backend/handler/auth.go
+++ b/backend/handler/auth.go
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ var (
 
 // setAuthCookies 设置认证 cookie：
 // - j13_token: access token（HttpOnly，15min）
-// - j13_refresh: refresh token（HttpOnly，7天，仅 /api/auth 路径）
+// - j13_refresh: refresh token（HttpOnly，7天，Path=/，供 Next middleware 在
+//   页面/RSC 请求中读取并静默轮转；HttpOnly+SameSite=Strict+CSRF 校验已足够防护）
 // - j13_csrf: CSRF token（可读，7天，与 refresh 同生命周期，确保 refresh 流程可用）
 func setAuthCookies(c *gin.Context, accessToken, refreshToken string, secure bool) {
 	csrfToken := service.GenerateCSRFToken()
@@ -31,11 +32,12 @@ func setAuthCookies(c *gin.Context, accessToken, refreshToken string, secure boo
 		Secure:   secure,
 		SameSite: http.SameSiteStrictMode,
 	})
-	// Refresh token cookie（仅 /api/auth 路径使用，缩小攻击面）
+	// Refresh token cookie：Path=/ 以支持 SSR middleware 续期；
+	// 仅 /api/auth/refresh 端点消费，其他路径不读取
 	http.SetCookie(c.Writer, &http.Cookie{
 		Name:     service.RefreshCookieName,
 		Value:    refreshToken,
-		Path:     "/api/auth",
+		Path:     "/",
 		MaxAge:   refreshCookieMaxAge,
 		HttpOnly: true,
 		Secure:   secure,
@@ -55,8 +57,10 @@ func setAuthCookies(c *gin.Context, accessToken, refreshToken string, secure boo
 
 // clearAuthCookies 清除所有认证 cookie
 func clearAuthCookies(c *gin.Context) {
+	// refresh cookie 同时清除两个路径：Path=/api/auth 为旧版兼容
 	cookies := []struct{ name, path string }{
 		{service.CookieName, "/"},
+		{service.RefreshCookieName, "/"},
 		{service.RefreshCookieName, "/api/auth"},
 		{service.CSRFCookieName, "/"},
 	}
diff --git a/frontend/app/globals.css b/frontend/app/globals.css
index 015f513..c0f4890 100644
--- a/frontend/app/globals.css
+++ b/frontend/app/globals.css
@@ -36,12 +36,14 @@
   --shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(87, 66, 36, 0.05), 0 10px 28px rgba(87, 66, 36, 0.05);
   --shadow-lg: 0 6px 16px rgba(87, 66, 36, 0.07), 0 20px 48px rgba(87, 66, 36, 0.1);
 
-  --font-display: "Plus Jakarta Sans", "Noto Sans SC", -apple-system, "PingFang SC",
-    "Microsoft YaHei", system-ui, sans-serif;
-  --font-sans: "Plus Jakarta Sans", "Noto Sans SC", -apple-system, "PingFang SC",
-    "Microsoft YaHei", system-ui, sans-serif;
-  --font-mono: "JetBrains Mono", "Noto Sans SC", ui-monospace, "Cascadia Code",
-    Consolas, monospace;
+  /* next/font 构建期自托管，变量由 layout.tsx 注入；
+     本地系统字体仅作网络字体分片就绪前的回退（PingFang/雅黑与 Noto 观感接近） */
+  --font-display: var(--font-jakarta), var(--font-noto-sc), -apple-system,
+    "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", system-ui, sans-serif;
+  --font-sans: var(--font-jakarta), var(--font-noto-sc), -apple-system,
+    "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", system-ui, sans-serif;
+  --font-mono: var(--font-jetbrains), var(--font-noto-sc), ui-monospace,
+    "Cascadia Code", Consolas, monospace;
 
   --r: 18px;
   --r-sm: 12px;
diff --git a/frontend/app/layout.tsx b/frontend/app/layout.tsx
index 97bcd17..6861553 100644
--- a/frontend/app/layout.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/layout.tsx
@@ -1,9 +1,33 @@
 import type { Metadata } from "next";
 import { cookies } from "next/headers";
+import { Plus_Jakarta_Sans, Noto_Sans_SC, JetBrains_Mono } from "next/font/google";
 import "./globals.css";
 import Header from "@/components/Header";
 import Footer from "@/components/Footer";
 import Toaster from "@/components/Toaster";
+import { fetchMe, fetchUnreadCount, type User } from "@/lib/api";
+
+// 构建期下载并自托管字体：同源加载 + 自动 preload + fallback 度量校正，
+// 消除 F5 时 Google CDN 字体到达后整页"由粗变细"的 FOUT 闪动
+const jakarta = Plus_Jakarta_Sans({
+  subsets: ["latin"],
+  weight: ["400", "500", "600", "700", "800"],
+  variable: "--font-jakarta",
+  display: "swap",
+});
+
+const notoSC = Noto_Sans_SC({
+  weight: ["400", "500", "700", "900"],
+  variable: "--font-noto-sc",
+  display: "swap",
+});
+
+const jetbrainsMono = JetBrains_Mono({
+  subsets: ["latin"],
+  weight: ["400", "500", "700"],
+  variable: "--font-jetbrains",
+  display: "swap",
+});
 
 export const metadata: Metadata = {
   title: {
@@ -27,21 +51,34 @@ export default async function RootLayout({
   // 浅色优先的设计系统，仅在显式选择暗色时挂 .dark
   const theme = cookieStore.get("j13-theme")?.value === "dark" ? "dark" : "light";
 
+  // SSR 直出登录态（access 过期时 middleware 已先行轮转，见 middleware.ts），
+  // 保证 F5 初始 HTML 中的右上角就是正确的用户区，而非先闪"登录/注册"
+  const cookieHeader = cookieStore.toString();
+  let user: User | null = null;
+  let unread = 0;
+  if (cookieStore.get("j13_refresh")?.value) {
+    try {
+      const [me, count] = await Promise.all([
+        fetchMe(cookieHeader),
+        fetchUnreadCount(cookieHeader),
+      ]);
+      user = me.user;
+      unread = count;
+    } catch {
+      // 后端不可用时降级为游客视图，不阻塞页面渲染
+    }
+  }
+
   return (
-    <html lang="zh-CN" className={theme === "dark" ? "dark" : ""}>
-      <head>
-        <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" />
-        <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossOrigin="anonymous" />
-        <link
-          href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Plus+Jakarta+Sans:wght@400;500;600;700;800&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500;700&family=Noto+Sans+SC:wght@400;500;700;900&display=swap"
-          rel="stylesheet"
-        />
-      </head>
+    <html
+      lang="zh-CN"
+      className={`${theme === "dark" ? "dark" : ""} ${jakarta.variable} ${notoSC.variable} ${jetbrainsMono.variable}`}
+    >
       <body className="min-h-screen flex flex-col">
         <a href="#main" className="skip-link">
           跳到主要内容
         </a>
-        <Header />
+        <Header initialUser={user} initialUnread={unread} initialTheme={theme} />
         <main
           id="main"
           tabIndex={-1}
diff --git a/frontend/app/login/page.tsx b/frontend/app/login/page.tsx
index 92d6474..cb0642e 100644
--- a/frontend/app/login/page.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/login/page.tsx
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ export default function LoginPage() {
       const res = await apiLogin(username, password);
       // 登录成功后后端通过 Set-Cookie 写入 HttpOnly JWT，前端无需存储 token
       if (res.user) {
+        // root layout 在客户端导航中持久化，push 后再 refresh 让其重新取登录态
         router.push(redirect);
+        router.refresh();
       } else {
         setError(res.error || "登录失败");
       }
diff --git a/frontend/app/settings/page.tsx b/frontend/app/settings/page.tsx
index 55f102e..998a4a1 100644
--- a/frontend/app/settings/page.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/settings/page.tsx
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ export default function SettingsPage() {
       const res = await apiChangePassword(oldPassword, newPassword);
       if (res.message) {
         setSuccess(true);
+        // 后端已使全部 token 失效并清 cookie，刷新 layout 让 Header 回到游客态
+        router.refresh();
         setTimeout(() => router.push("/login"), 1500);
       } else {
         setError(res.error || "修改失败");
diff --git a/frontend/components/Header.tsx b/frontend/components/Header.tsx
index 4e83767..df0078f 100644
--- a/frontend/components/Header.tsx
+++ b/frontend/components/Header.tsx
@@ -17,19 +17,33 @@ import {
   Bell,
   Home,
 } from "lucide-react";
-import { apiMe, apiLogout, type User } from "@/lib/api";
+import { apiLogout, type User } from "@/lib/api";
 import NotificationBell from "./NotificationBell";
 import Avatar from "./Avatar";
 
-export default function Header() {
+export default function Header({
+  initialUser,
+  initialUnread = 0,
+  initialTheme = "light",
+}: {
+  initialUser: User | null;
+  initialUnread?: number;
+  initialTheme?: "light" | "dark";
+}) {
   const router = useRouter();
   const pathname = usePathname();
   const [menuOpen, setMenuOpen] = useState(false);
-  const [theme, setTheme] = useState<"light" | "dark">("light");
-  const [user, setUser] = useState<User | null>(null);
+  const [theme, setTheme] = useState<"light" | "dark">(initialTheme);
+  // 登录态以 SSR 直出为初始值，F5 无切换闪动；router.refresh() 后随 props 校正
+  const [user, setUser] = useState<User | null>(initialUser);
   const [searchQuery, setSearchQuery] = useState("");
   const searchInputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
 
+  // 登录/登出触发 router.refresh() 后，服务端 layout 重新取态并下发新 props
+  useEffect(() => {
+    setUser(initialUser);
+  }, [initialUser]);
+
   const handleSearch = (e: React.FormEvent) => {
     e.preventDefault();
     const q = searchQuery.trim();
@@ -45,9 +59,6 @@ export default function Header() {
     document.documentElement.classList.toggle("dark", savedTheme === "dark");
     setTheme(savedTheme);
     setSearchQuery(new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("q")?.trim() || "");
-    apiMe()
-      .then((res) => setUser(res.user || null))
-      .catch(() => setUser(null));
   }, [pathname]);
 
   // "/" 快速聚焦搜索
@@ -173,7 +184,7 @@ export default function Header() {
           <button onClick={toggleTheme} className={iconBtn} style={iconBtnStyle} aria-label="切换主题">
             {theme === "dark" ? <Sun size={17} /> : <Moon size={17} />}
           </button>
-          {user && <NotificationBell />}
+          {user && <NotificationBell initialUnread={initialUnread} />}
           {user ? (
             <>
               <Link href="/compose" className="btn btn-primary btn-sm ml-1">
@@ -210,7 +221,7 @@ export default function Header() {
 
         {/* 移动端按钮 */}
         <div className="flex items-center gap-2 lg:hidden">
-          {user && <NotificationBell />}
+          {user && <NotificationBell initialUnread={initialUnread} />}
           <button
             onClick={() => setMenuOpen(!menuOpen)}
             className="w-10 h-10 flex items-center justify-center rounded-full"
diff --git a/frontend/components/NotificationBell.tsx b/frontend/components/NotificationBell.tsx
index c47e6dc..089d00a 100644
--- a/frontend/components/NotificationBell.tsx
+++ b/frontend/components/NotificationBell.tsx
@@ -12,10 +12,11 @@ import {
   type NotificationItem,
 } from "@/lib/api";
 
-export default function NotificationBell() {
+export default function NotificationBell({ initialUnread = 0 }: { initialUnread?: number }) {
   const router = useRouter();
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
-  const [unread, setUnread] = useState(0);
+  // SSR 直出未读数，红点不再挂载后才弹出；挂载后轮询自然校正
+  const [unread, setUnread] = useState(initialUnread);
   const [notifications, setNotifications] = useState<NotificationItem[]>([]);
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
   const dropdownRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
diff --git a/frontend/lib/api.ts b/frontend/lib/api.ts
index 9dedc11..f9601e1 100644
--- a/frontend/lib/api.ts
+++ b/frontend/lib/api.ts
@@ -245,6 +245,27 @@ export async function fetchUserProfile(id: string, page = 1, cookieHeader?: stri
   return res.json();
 }
 
+// SSR 端获取当前登录用户（layout 直出登录态，避免客户端水合后再切换）
+export async function fetchMe(cookieHeader?: string): Promise<{ user: User | null }> {
+  const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/api/me`, {
+    cache: "no-store",
+    headers: cookieHeaders(cookieHeader),
+  });
+  if (!res.ok) return { user: null };
+  return res.json();
+}
+
+// SSR 端获取未读通知数（Header 铃铛红点直出）
+export async function fetchUnreadCount(cookieHeader?: string): Promise<number> {
+  const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/api/notifications/unread-count`, {
+    cache: "no-store",
+    headers: cookieHeaders(cookieHeader),
+  });
+  if (!res.ok) return 0;
+  const data = await res.json();
+  return data.count || 0;
+}
+
 export async function fetchUserComments(id: string, page = 1): Promise<UserCommentsResponse> {
   const params = new URLSearchParams({ page: String(page), size: "20" });
   const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/api/users/${id}/comments?${params}`, { cache: "no-store" });
diff --git a/frontend/middleware.ts b/frontend/middleware.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb15217
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/middleware.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+import { NextResponse, type NextRequest } from "next/server";
+
+// SSR 登录态保障：
+// access token（j13_token，15 分钟）过期后，页面/RSC 请求到达时先在此静默轮转，
+// 新 cookie 同时①注入本次请求头供 layout 的 /api/me 使用 ②透传给浏览器。
+// 注意 refresh token 是一次性轮转（旧的立即吊销），而 RSC 预取与真实导航可能
+// 几乎同时发生，故对同一 refresh token 的并发请求做短窗口去重，避免第二次轮转
+// 被后端判为重用而清空全部登录态。
+
+const API_BASE = process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_API_URL || "http://localhost:3001";
+const EXP_SKEW_SECONDS = 30; // 提前 30s 视为过期，规避服务端时钟差
+const DEDUP_TTL_MS = 10_000;
+
+type RefreshResult = { ok: boolean; setCookies: string[] };
+
+// 模块级去重表：同一 refresh token 在短窗口内只轮转一次
+const inflight = new Map<string, { at: number; p: Promise<RefreshResult> }>();
+
+function isAccessTokenExpired(token: string | undefined): boolean {
+  if (!token) return true;
+  try {
+    const seg = token.split(".")[1]?.replace(/-/g, "+").replace(/_/g, "/");
+    if (!seg) return true;
+    const payload = JSON.parse(atob(seg)) as { exp?: number };
+    // 只读取过期时间，验签由后端负责
+    return typeof payload.exp !== "number"
+      ? true
+      : Date.now() >= (payload.exp - EXP_SKEW_SECONDS) * 1000;
+  } catch {
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+async function rotateRefreshToken(refreshToken: string, csrf: string): Promise<RefreshResult> {
+  const cached = inflight.get(refreshToken);
+  if (cached && Date.now() - cached.at < DEDUP_TTL_MS) return cached.p;
+
+  const p = (async (): Promise<RefreshResult> => {
+    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/api/auth/refresh`, {
+      method: "POST",
+      headers: {
+        "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        "X-CSRF-Token": csrf,
+        Cookie: `j13_refresh=${refreshToken}; j13_csrf=${csrf}`,
+      },
+      cache: "no-store",
+    }).catch(() => null);
+
+    if (!res) return { ok: false, setCookies: [] };
+    // 成功=新三枚 cookie；失败（refresh 过期/被吊销）=后端下发的清除指令
+    const setCookies = res.headers.getSetCookie();
+    return { ok: res.ok && setCookies.length > 0, setCookies };
+  })();
+
+  inflight.set(refreshToken, { at: Date.now(), p });
+  return p;
+}
+
+// 从 Set-Cookie 头提取 name=value
+function parseCookiePair(setCookie: string): [string, string] | null {
+  const pair = setCookie.split(";", 1)[0] ?? "";
+  const eq = pair.indexOf("=");
+  if (eq <= 0) return null;
+  return [pair.slice(0, eq).trim(), pair.slice(eq + 1).trim()];
+}
+
+export async function middleware(req: NextRequest) {
+  const refreshToken = req.cookies.get("j13_refresh")?.value;
+  const accessToken = req.cookies.get("j13_token")?.value;
+
+  // 游客，或 access 仍然有效：直接放行
+  if (!refreshToken || !isAccessTokenExpired(accessToken)) {
+    return NextResponse.next();
+  }
+
+  const csrf = req.cookies.get("j13_csrf")?.value ?? "";
+
+  try {
+    const { ok, setCookies } = await rotateRefreshToken(refreshToken, csrf);
+
+    if (ok) {
+      // 以旧 jar 为基础覆盖轮转结果，保证本次 SSR 的 cookies() 读到新 access
+      const jar = new Map<string, string>();
+      req.cookies.getAll().forEach((c) => jar.set(c.name, c.value));
+      for (const sc of setCookies) {
+        const parsed = parseCookiePair(sc);
+        if (parsed) jar.set(parsed[0], parsed[1]);
+      }
+      const headers = new Headers(req.headers);
+      headers.set("Cookie", [...jar].map(([k, v]) => `${k}=${v}`).join("; "));
+
+      const res = NextResponse.next({ request: { headers } });
+      // 原样透传，HttpOnly/Path/SameSite/Secure 等属性全部以后端为准
+      for (const sc of setCookies) res.headers.append("Set-Cookie", sc);
+      return res;
+    }
+
+    if (setCookies.length > 0) {
+      // refresh 已失效：透传后端的清 cookie 指令，避免之后每次请求都白轮转
+      const res = NextResponse.next();
+      for (const sc of setCookies) res.headers.append("Set-Cookie", sc);
+      return res;
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // 后端不可达：降级匿名渲染，客户端 fetchWithRefresh 仍可兜底
+  }
+
+  return NextResponse.next();
+}
+
+export const config = {
+  // 仅拦截页面与 RSC 请求；/api 由客户端 fetchWithRefresh 处理，静态资源放行
+  matcher: [
+    "/((?!api/|_next/static/|_next/image/|favicon.ico|robots.txt|sitemap.xml|.*\\.(?:svg|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|webp|ico|txt|woff2?)$).*)",
+  ],
+};